To prevent a power grid from having disturbances that may, in a worst case scenario, blackout entire countries, Transmission System Operators (TSO) want to be able to see what happens in different parts of the network faster, to have time to do the necessary changes and regulate the power grid. For this reason, a new technology called PMU-based Wide Area Monitoring System (WAMS) has been introd...

In this paper, optimal placement of Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) using Global Positioning System (GPS) is discussed. Ant Colony Optimization (ACO), Simulated Annealing (SA), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Genetic Algorithm (GA) are used for this problem. Pheromone evaporation coefficient and the probability of moving from state x to state y by ant are introduced into the ACO. The modifi...

The phasor measurement unit (PMU) is considered to be one of the most important measuring devices in the future of power systems. The distinction comes from its unique ability to provide synchronized phasor measurements of voltages and currents from widely dispersed locations in an electric power grid. This paper proposes an algorithm based on the clustering techniques for solving the optimal P...

Introduction The 1st Regional pain medicine symposia were held between the 14th and 18th of November 2011 in 3 cities (Nairobi, Mombasa and Dar-es-salaam), across 2 countries, Kenya and Tanzania. It was funded by the International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP), through the IASP developing country education grant for 2011 and The Aga Khan University Hospital Nairobi (AKUHN). It was or...

Phasor Measurement Unit’s (PMU) are power system devices which provide real time synchronized phasor measurements. Synchronization is achieved by same-time sampling of voltage and current waveforms by means of timing signals from the Global Positioning System Satellite (GPS). Synchronized phasor measurements make higher the standards of power system monitoring, control, and protection. Since PM...

Advanced power system nowadays demands to ensure accurate estimate of the system states (bus voltages and angles) in order to ensure protection, monitoring, controlling and smooth running of the system. The conventional state estimator estimates the power system states based on the measurements obtained from the Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) system. Besides, the use of synchr...

In this paper the state estimator is developed for the multi area power system with SCADA and PMU measurements using WLS method. The measurement jacobian matrix has been modified for the PMU measurements. The behavior of the elements because of the current measurements in the measurement jacobian matrix is examined for any possible ill-conditioning of the state estimator gain matrix. State esti...