Plural form franchising is modeled from an incomplete contracting perspective. Complete franchising is the unique, efficient governance structure only when the plural form externality is limited and the costs of investment are low for both franchisees. Governance structure choice is irrelevant when the costs of investment are high for all franchisees, because no franchisee will invest. Finally,...

Özet. Özne yönelimli süreç modelleme yaklaşımı daha doğru, kesin ve aslına uygun süreç bilgisine ulaşmak amacıyla süreç öznelerine (rol, aktör, vb.) ve bunlar arasındaki etkileşime odaklanır. Yaygın çerçevede, iş süreçleri çoğu zaman yukarıdan-aşağıya yaklaşımını kullanan süreç mühendisleri veya modelleme uzmanları tarafından modellenirler. Ancak bu yaklaşım, özellikle bilgi-odaklı çalışan kuru...

This paper reports on partial knowledge in two-year-old children's learning of the regular English plural. In Experiments 1 and 2, children were presented with one kind and its label and then were either presented with two of that same kind (A-->AA) or the initial picture next to a very different thing (A-->AB). The children in A-->AA rarely produced the plural. The children in A-->AB supplied ...

This paper discusses two important results on the expressive limitations of elementary languages that David Kaplan established a few decades ago, and clarifies how they relate to the expressive power of plural constructions of natural languages. Kaplan proved that such plural quantifications as the following cannot be paraphrased into elementary languages: Most things are funny. (1) Some critic...

It is claimed by Totereau, Thévenin & Fayol (1997) that French children understand the rule for spelling the plural inflection very early on. However, no evidence contradicts the alternative that they learn the spelling of a word's singular and plural forms by treating the two forms as entirely different words. We tested this by asking French first and second graders (85 six-year-old and 89 sev...

In Parts of Classes (1991) and Mathematics Is Megethology (1993) David Lewis defends both the innocence of plural quantification and of mereology. However, he himself claims that the innocence of mereology is different from that of plural reference, where reference to some objects does not require the existence of a single entity picking them out as a whole. In the case of plural quantification...

The noun plural system in Modern Standard Arabic lies at a nexus of critical issues in morphological learnability. The suffixing "sound" plural competes with as many as 31 non-concatenative "broken" plural patterns. Our computational analysis of singular-plural pairs in the Corpus of Contemporary Arabic explores what types of linguistic information are statistically relevant to morphological ge...

Semantic theories of number currently debate whether the plural is weak (referring to both collections and individuals) or strong (referring to collections but not individuals). The former view holds that the plural is ‘unmarked’ as it is less specific; for the latter view, the singular is simpler and therefore ‘unmarked’. This paper examines the inverse number marking system of Dagaare (Gur; N...

OBJECTIVES Studies investigating language skills of children after cochlear implantation usually present general measures of expressive/receptive vocabulary and grammar and rarely tackle the acquisition of specific language phenomena (word classes, grammatical constructions, word forms, etc.). Furthermore, research is largely restricted to children acquiring English. Cross-linguistic comparison...

(1) a. Inflectional paradigms aspire to “avoid homophony”. The Russian nominative singular and genitive plural endings reflect a transderivational attempt to minimize homophony across inflectional endings. b. Inflectional paradigms require transderivational reference: one cannot compute the Russian genitive plural without knowing what the nominative singular ending is. c. Markedness-based neutr...