Influence of air entrainment on rock scour development and block stability in plunge pools The impingement of high-velocity water jets on plunge pools, such as it occurs downstream of spillways of high-head dams, may cause scour on the rock foundations. The scour process is the result of complex and consecutive physical phenomena. Turbulence plays a major role, especially in the jet development...

Considerable evidence was available indicating that wet dipping practices were failing to eradicate lice on sheep and that ineffective wetting was believed to be a major contributory factor. To examine wetting of sheep in plunge and shower dips, a series of experiments were undertaken to investigate both the mechanical and management opportunities which might improve the efficiency and efficacy...

Gannets are large seabirds that hunt fish from the air, making a plunge dive followed by active swimming pursuit of prey. A recent study shows that they convert from aerial to aquatic vision nearly instantly.

A cylindrical plunge grinding process was modeled to investigate nonlinear regenerative chatter vibration. The rotating workpiece a slender Euler–Bernoulli beam, and the wheel rigid body moving towards at very low feed speed. numerical method proposed provide critical boundaries for chatter-free grinding. It demonstrated that intersection set surrounded by these region considered parameters. Wh...