PT. Kereta Api Indonesia (Persero) Regional Division II West Sumatra is one of the State-Owned Enterprises (BUMN) engaged in rail transportation services. The company very concerned about improving employee performance. Factors that affect achievement are career planning, work environment and stress. Career planning an opportunity created by developing talents possessed its employees. This stud...

FAC-SEM is a special type of multigroup analysis where the groups are structured as a factorial design. The aim of FAC-SEM is to assess how the path model parameters vary as a function of the dimensions of the underlying factorial design. As such, FAC-SEM offers researchers a unique opportunity to further understand their experimental data. This paper explains how the FAC-SEM methodology can be...

Structural equation modeling (SEM) is an important tool for marketing researchers to estimate a network of causal relationships linking two or more complex concepts. The PLS approach to SEM, also known as component based SEM, is becoming more prominent in estimating complex models due to its soft modeling assumptions. This study elucidates the use of component based SEM in estimating a complex ...

Composite-based methods like partial least squares (PLS) path modeling have an advantage over factor-based methods (like CB-SEM) because they yield determinate predictions, while factor-based methods’ prediction is constrained in this regard by factor indeterminacy. To maximize practical relevance, research findings should extend beyond the study’s own data. We explain how PLS practices, derivi...

The use of the partial least squares (PLS) approach for structural equation modeling (SEM) has been experiencing explosive growth, particularly in the last few years. The calculation of P values is extensively used for hypothesis testing in PLS-SEM. Such calculation typically relies on standard errors estimated via bootstrapping. This leads to unstable P values and prohibitive computational dem...

The advent of structural equation modeling (SEM) with latent variables has changed the nature of research in international marketing and management. Researchers acknowledge the possibilities of distinguishing between measurement and structural models and explicitly taking measurement error into account. As Gefen, Straub, and Boudreau (2000, p. 6) point out, ‘‘SEM has become de rigueur in valida...

Most relationships between variables describing natural and behavioral phenomena are nonlinear, with U-curve and S-curve relationships being particularly common. Yet, structural equation modeling software consideration. This can lead to misleading results, particularly in multivariate and complex phenomena like those related to e-collaboration. One notable exception is WarpPLS (available from: ...