Stratigraphic subdivision of the New Zealand Pliocene-Pleistocene has its historical basis in biostratigraphy, especially in the shallow marine strata in the Wanganui and East Coast basins, North Island. Internationally, an astronomically calibrated, high resolution timescale is now well established for the PliocenePleistocene, based on predominantly precession-controlled sedimentary cycles in ...

We present results from modelling of the midPliocene warm period (3.3–3 million years ago) using the Earth system model of intermediate complexity CLIMBER2 analysing the effect of changes in boundary conditions as well as of orbital forcing on climate. First we performed equilibrium experiments following the PlioMIP (Pliocene Model Intercomparison Project) protocol with a CO2 concentration of 4...

Understanding the evolution of Arctic polar climate from the protracted warmth of the middle Pliocene into the earliest glacial cycles in the Northern Hemisphere has been hindered by the lack of continuous, highly resolved Arctic time series. Evidence from Lake El'gygytgyn, in northeast (NE) Arctic Russia, shows that 3.6 to 3.4 million years ago, summer temperatures were ~8°C warmer than today,...

The Chinchilla Local Fauna is a diverse assemblage of both terrestrial and aquatic Pliocene vertebrates from the fluviatile Chinchilla Sand deposits of southeastern Queensland, Australia. It represents one of Australia's few but exceptionally rich Pliocene vertebrate localities, and as such is an important source of paleoecological data concerning Pliocene environmental changes and its effects ...

Following reconstructions suggesting weakened temperature gradients along the Equator in the early Pliocene, there has been much speculation about Pliocene climate variability. A major advance for our knowledge about the later Pliocene has been the coordination of modelling efforts through the Pliocene Model Intercomparison Project (PlioMIP). Here the changes in interannual modes of sea surface...

The correlation between the geographic occurrence of Balkan endemic nephropathy (BEN) and low rank Pliocene lignites is striking. Comparison of mass spectra of methanol extracts from lignite samples collected in the vicinity of two endemic villages, with mass spectra of methanol extracts higher grade coals, shows the presence of many more potentially nephrotoxic compounds, and much higher total...

Yuanmou Basin of Yunnan, SW China, is a famous locality with hominids, hominoids, mammals and plant fossils. Based on the published megaflora and palynoflora data from Yuanmou Basin, the climate of Late Pliocene is reconstructed using the Coexistence Approach. The results indicate a warm and humid subtropical climate with a mean annual temperature of ca. 16-17°C and a mean annual precipitation ...

    Introduction Epithermal deposits are usually found in association with near-surface magmatic-hydrothermal environments with volcanic rocks. According to studies, their formation depth is less than 1.5 km and the temperature for their formation is less than 300 ° C. Epithermal deposits are usually rich in gold to gold-silver and rich in silver and include low sulfide, medium sulfide and hig...

Sea surface temperature (SST) in subtropical eastern boundary upwelling zones is shown to be affected by three main factors: large-scale ocean stratification, upwelling-favorable sea surface wind stress, and the surface concentration (baroclinicity) of the alongshore pressure gradient driving the incoming geostrophic flow which balances the Ekman surface outflow. Pliocene-aged SST proxies sugge...

14 Temperature reconstructions indicate that the Pliocene was ~ 3 °C warmer globally 15 than today, and several recent reconstructions of Pliocene atmospheric CO2 indicate 16 that it was above pre-industrial levels and similar to those likely to be seen this 17 century. However, many of these reconstructions have been of relatively low temporal 18 resolution, meaning that these records may have...