Abstract At Republic 422e1-423a2, while discussing Callipolis and its ability to wage war, Socrates makes a punning reference the ancient boardgame polis . In this contest, two opponents deployed sets of identical pessoi (counters) surround capture enemy’s forces. Socrates’ allusion is not simply amusing; it well-suited dialogue’s philosophical content historical context. With regard philosophy...

In one of his paintings, the School of Athens, Raphael is depicting Leonardo da Vinci as the philosopher Plato. Some image processing tools can help us in comparing this portrait with two Leonardo's portraits, considered as self-portraits. The "Scuola di Atene" is one of the most famous paintings by Raphael, the Italian Renaissance artist. Painted between 1510 and 1511, this fresco decorates th...

Did Plato and Aristotle have anything to say about belief? The answer to this question might seem blindingly obvious: of course they did. Plato distinguishes belief from knowledge in the Meno, Republic, and Theaetetus, and Aristotle does so in the Posterior Analytics. Plato distinguishes belief from perception in the Theaetetus, and Aristotle does so in the de Anima. They talk about the distinc...