Pore-forming toxins (PFTs) secreted by pathogenic bacteria are the most common bacterial protein toxins and are important virulence factors for infection. PFTs punch holes in host cell plasma membranes, and although cells can counteract the resulting membrane damage, the underlying mechanisms at play remain unclear. Using Caenorhabditis elegans as a model, we demonstrate in vivo and in an intac...

Excitatory amino acid receptor activation and reactive oxygen species production are important mediators of neuronal death following acute brain injury and can lead to loss of membrane integrity. Poloxamer 188 (P188) is an amphiphilic, polyethylenepolypropylene-polyethylene copolymer that restores plasma membrane integrity of nonneuronal cells following membrane injury. Here, we demonstrate tha...

Developing effective cooled semen protocols is essential to increase pregnancy rates and reproductive efficiency in donkeys. This study aimed evaluate the effect on sperm kinetic parameters membrane integrity donkey diluted with defined milk proteins extender 1% or 2% of egg yolk removal seminal plasma. Twenty-four ejaculates from six jackasses were collected. Each ejaculate was divided into fo...

Background: Hen egg yolk is a common component of most semen cryopreservation extenders. However, diluents containing the egg yolk may have adverse effects on the quality of the semen. Egg yolk could be solubilized by the addition of sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) in semen extenders. Many studies have shown beneficial effects of antioxidants addition to semen freezing extenders. Antioxidants are...

Background Cryopreservation of semen requires optimized conditions to minimize the harmful effects of various stresses. The main approach for protection of sperm against stress is based on the use of antioxidants and cryoprotectants, which are described as defensive methods. Recently, the application of controlled mild stressors has been described for activation of a temporary response in oocyt...

In this study we evaluated the effects of semen extender supplementation with different concentrations of glutathione (GSH) on buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) bull sperm motility, plasma membrane integrity, viability and DNA integrity as well as in vivo fertility. Semen from three Nili-Ravi buffalo bulls was collected, and qualified semen ejaculates (n=18) were split into five aliquots for dilution (...

The present study was aimed to observe the postthaw quality of Nili-Ravi buffalo bull semen cryopreserved during heat stress (hot summer months) and normal climatic conditions (fall, winter, spring months). For this purpose, four (n = 4) adult regular donor bulls were selected collect cryopreserve their throughout period an entire year. cryopreservation done following standard freezing protocol...

Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) extracted from egg yolk has recently known can eliminate the adverse effect associated in use of fresh yolk. The role LDL liquid preservation at 4°C ram sperm not been explored. This research evaluates effects substituting with 4 °C on 5 days. objective this was to assess for as an extender 4°C, well spermatozoa motility, viability, morphology, plasma membrane, and...