conclusions similar to previous studies, this study could not show the superiority of electric toothbrush over manual in plaque removal. after 72 hours, the mean of plaque index was greater in buccal than in lingual surface, which may be attributed to the natural cleansing action of the tongue. results the mean of plaque index was 2.13 ± 0.83 and 2.11 ± 1.01 in the manual and electric toothbrus...

introduction: one of the most common problems we confront in orthodontic therapy is periodontal diseases. initial factor which causes these diseases is colonization of anaerobic microorganisms in subgingival plaque. technically, local environmental changes related to orthodontic band and brackets may influence the bacterial species in periodontal plaque. however, it seems necessary to assess va...

BACKGROUND Data on the role of dental plaque in the transmission of Helicobacter pylori have varied. Furthermore, there has been few reports on the relationship between dental plaque control and H. pylori infection of gastric mucosa. The purpose of this study was to elucidate this potential relationship. METHODS The (13)C urea breath test was conducted on 56 subjects who received dental plaqu...

To improve the assessment of plaque present on teeth, a new index, based on the original Modified Navy Plaque Index, has been developed. The primary modifications to the original Modified Navy Plaque Index were: (1) extending areas F (distal) and D (mesial) into the region just below the interproximal contact point, and (2) extending areas C and A so as to increase the gumline (or marginal ging...

Plaque is the soft, tenacious material found on tooth surfaces which is not readilyremoved by rinsing with water. The most clinically observable plaque on the smoothsurfaces of the teeth along the gingival margin may be termed dentogingival plaque. After tooth cleaning, the supragingival plaque along the gingival border of the teethreaccumulates slowly during the following two days. The thickne...

BACKGROUND Dietary sweeteners may contribute to metabolic dysregulation and cardiovascular disease (CVD), but this has not been assessed in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). METHODS One hundred twenty-four HIV-infected and 56 non-HIV-infected participants, without history of known coronary artery disease were included. Dietary intake was assessed using a 4-day food record. Coronary plaque w...

Argument structure patterns can be used to represent classes of safety arguments. Such patterns can become quite complex, making use of loops and choices, posing a potential challenge for comprehension and evaluation, offsetting the likely gains that might follow from creating arguments using them. We show how complex patterns can be constructed by composition of simpler patterns. We provide a ...

BACKGROUND Patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA) are at an increased risk for cardiovascular (CV) disease.  The aim of this study was to identify the frequency of carotid plaque in asymptomatic patients with psoriatic arthritis at baseline and follow-up screening, and to assess for the impact of demonstrating plaque on management of traditional cardiovascular risk factors. METHODS Eighty-se...