Whereas integration of shape and surround is held to occur through cue-dependent representations, we show that both cue-invariant and cue-dependent representations are involved. A central hinged plane and larger flanking plane were defined by either binocular disparity or motion. In a 'within-cue' condition, shape and surround were defined by the same cue and in a 'cross-cue' condition they wer...

In this paper, a broadband rectangular microstrip patch antenna fed by coplanar waveguide feed with two slots in the ground plane is proposed. Investigations are carried out using coplanar waveguide feed with slotting in the ground plane to optimize the broadband operation. A sensitivity analysis shows the variation of return loss with different antenna parameters. This design of broadband ante...

For nearly 150 years, it has been recognized that cell shape strongly influences the orientation of the mitotic cleavage plane (e.g., Hofmeister, 1863). However, we still understand little about the complex interplay between cell shape and cleavage-plane orientation in epithelia, where polygonal cell geometries emerge from multiple factors, including cell packing, cell growth, and cell division...

This communication describes a novel strategy to achieve programmable shape transformation of hybrid hydrogel sheets by modulating both the in-plane and out-of-plane mismatches in mechanical properties. Both our experimental and computational results demonstrate that the shape transformation of hybrid hydrogel sheets shows rich features (e.g., rolling direction, axis, chirality, etc.) and versa...

The shape of objects seen in images depends on the viewpoint. This effect confounds recognition. We demonstrate a theoretical framework within which it is possible to construct descriptors for both curves and surfaces, which do not vary with viewpoint. These descriptors are known as invariants. We use this framework to construct invariant shape descriptors for plane curves. These invariant shap...