Bergman, I., and Casswell, C. (1972). Brit. J. industr. Med., 29, 160-168. Lung dust and lung iron contents of coal workers in different coalfields in Great Britain. Lung dust analyses from seven coalfields are studied and it is found that the average dust composition varies significantly with the rank of coal. The higher the rank, the higher the coal percentage and the lower the quartz percent...

Surface movement under the combined mining of open-pit and underground caving is main problem affecting safe efficient mining. Taking Dahongshan Iron Mine as an example, a mechanical model for calculating surface range was established to reveal mechanism. The topography, zone, gravel filling zone depth were considered, principal stress calculated. Based on model, relationship between subsidence...

The taxon known as Cercopithecoides williamsi has been reconstructed as a terrestrial primate folivore from its dental morphology and heavy dental microwear. It was recovered at a number of Plio-Pleistocene caves in South Africa, including Makapansgat, Sterkfontein Member 4, Sterkfontein West Pit and Bolt's Farm. For the purposes of corroborating or contradicting previous dietary reconstruction...

The influence of foundation pit excavation on deformation and stability the supporting structure underlying adjacent existing tunnel is a comprehensive geotechnical engineering problem, including unloading effect coupling surrounding rock structure. Using numerical calculation methods, this paper changes different depths widths discusses evolution law about force structure, changing relationshi...

the determination of the ultimate pit limit (upl) is the first step in the open pit mine planning process. in this stage that parts of the mineral deposit that are economic to mine are determined. there are several mathematical, heuristic and meta-heuristic algorithms to determine upl. the optimization criterion in these algorithms is maximization of the total profit whilst satisfying the...

The uncontrolled spread of illegal artisanal small-scale gold mining (ASM), popularly termed “galamsey” in Ghana, has, for decades, impacted adversely upon water bodies, soils, wildlife, human health, and safety. A lack of understanding, however, of the types of galamsey, their operational attributes, and their relative impacts has unfortunately hindered an effective policy response despite num...

Zambia’s economy is fueled by copper production, which one of the country’s most important industries. In terms output, Zambia has around five large open-pit mines and eight significant underground mines. Government owns a stake in some these businesses. This article examines economic, social, technological, environmental ramifications mining Copperbelt area Zambia.

Open-pit mining is one of the main exploiting methods for solid mineral resources. After more than 100 years high-intensity development, there are a large number abandoned open-pit mines and related relics in world. The reconstruction Pumped Hydraulic Energy Storage systems (PHES) from an effective utilization mode underground space recent years. project planning PHES should consider not only t...

Coal is the most highly used source of energy for generating power in the world. Although, it has adverse environmental impacts (Weart, 2003), it is so widely used mainly because it is relatively cheap, abundantly available and readily fits with traditional power generation technologies. It is extracted from mines using both underground and surface mining techniques – either of them having adva...