In this study was investigated the structure of pecten oculi in the ostrich, duck, pigeon, turkey, and starling. The pecten oculi of the ostrich was vaned type and made up primary, secondary, and few tertiary lamellae. However, duck, pigeon, turkey and starling had a pleated-type pecten oculi which displayed folded structure. The numbers of pleats of the pectens were 12, 13-14, 21-22, and 17 in...

Crystallins from pigeon eye lenses were isolated and purified by gel-permeation chromatography and characterized by gel electrophoresis, amino-acid composition and sequence analysis. Alpha- and beta-crystallins could be obtained in relatively pure forms by single-step size-exclusion chromatography whereas an extra step of ion-exchange chromatography was needed for the separation of delta-crysta...

In this paper, we propose a new encoding of the cardinality constraint ∑i=1 xi > b. It makes an original use of the general formulation of the Pigeon-Hole principle to derive a formula in conjunctive normal form (CNF). Our Pigeon-Hole based CNF encoding can be seen as a nice and simple way to express the semantic of the cardinality constraint, that can be defined as how to put b pigeons into n ...

The experimental method employed in an anechoic wind tunnel to characterize flow-induced noise of the pigeon (Columba livia) during level flight is described in this letter. A live pigeon was managed to maintain a steady level flight at the wind tunnel test flow of 15 m/s. A microphone array was fabricated, and the conventional beamforming method was then adopted to yield the corresponding narr...

background and objective : chlamydophila psittaci is a lethal bacterium that causes endemic avian chlamydiosis, and respiratory psittacosis. laboratory diagnosis of chlamydophila psittaci is difficult by culture. this study was design to investigate the presence of chlamydophila psittaci in collected pharyngeal swabs from asyptomatic pigeons by pcr. materials and methods : pharyngeal samples fr...

Four West African Dwarf (WAD) grower bucks averaging 6 kg in weight and aged between 5-6 months of age were used in a digestive trial to determine the intake and digestibility of raw or processed pigeon pea seed meal based diets. The diets designated RPBD, SPBD, TPBD and BPBD were formulated from cassava peel, palm kernel cake, brewers dry grain, bone meal and common salt to contain 15% of raw,...

D E L I U S , J. D. A N D K. P E L L A N D E R . Hunger dependence of electrical brain self-stimulation in the pigeon. PHYSIOL. BEHAV. 28(I) 63--66, 1982.---Contrary to recent evidence, further data showing that intracranial self-stimulation behaviour in the pigeon is frequently hunger-dependent is reported. A compilation of reinforcing brain loci in the pigeon suggests an association with two ...

The feeding time for sand fly females was determined experimentally by feeding of thirty females (3-5 days-old) sand fly Phlebotomus papatasi on different blood sources (human, pigeon, hamster and blab C mice). Mean feeding time was longest on blab C mice, 8.55 minutes, followed by hamster, 7.05 minutes, then pigeon, 4.84minutes, and finally human, 4.69 minutes. Significant difference was obser...

A sensitive and rapid ELISA for quantitation of seed globulins is described. This method employs conjugation of pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) globulin antibodies and the enzyme peroxidase together with dextran. Using this conjugate, proteins as low as 0.1 ng were detected. Dextran conjugate has a ten-fold greater efficiency of quantitating pigeon pea globulins than the commercial goat anti-rabbit ...

Inspired by the abilities of both the praying mantis and the pigeon to judge distance by use of motionbased visually mediated odometry, we create miniature models for depth estimation that are similar to the head movements of these animals. We develop mathematical models of the praying mantis and pigeon visual behavior and describe our implementations and experimental environment. We investigat...