Depth is the feeling of remoteness, or separateness, that accompanies awareness in human modalities like vision and audition. In specific cases depths can be graded on an ordinal scale, or even measured quantitatively on an interval scale. In the case of pictorial vision this is complicated by the fact that human observers often appear to apply mental transformations that involve depths in dist...

The paper describes a new pictorial database oriented to image analysis, implemented inside the MIDAS data analysis system. Pictorial databases need expressive data structures in order to represent a wide class of information from the numerical to the visual. The model of the database is relational; however, a full normalization is not achievable, owing to the complexity of the visual informati...

Pictorial information processing relies heavily on the establishment of an efficient pictorial database system. Presentday database management systems are designed primarily for efficient storage, retrieval and manipulation of alphanumeric data. U ntiI very recently, little attention has been paid to the storage, retrieval and manipulation of non-alphanumeric information such as digitized image...

BACKGROUND The U.S. Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act of 2009 requires updating of the existing text-only health warning labels on tobacco packaging with nine new warning statements accompanied by pictorial images. Survey and experimental research in the U.S. and other countries supports the effectiveness of pictorial health warning labels compared with text-only warnings for in...

OBJECTIVE The Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) was designed to be self-completed by the patient. However, it may not be understood by all, and unrecognised problems with literacy can impair the process. The ESS has been translated into a pictorial version for use in those with normal or diminished literacy skills. METHODS An evaluation of the patients' ability to self-complete the ESS was under...

Improving Creativity through Pictorial Teaching of Farsi   B. Akbari Mobaarakeh* Z. Abaazari, Ph.D.** N. Rahmati*** Z. Mirhoseini, Ph.D.****   To show that pictorial teaching of Farsi can improve creativity, a cluster sample of 320 female 6th graders was divided into two groups one of which was taught Farsi using the pictorial approach for a semester. The two groups’ crea...

BACKGROUND Pictorial health warning labels on cigarette packaging have been proposed for the U.S., but their potential influences among populations that suffer tobacco-related health disparities are unknown. PURPOSE To evaluate pictorial health warning labels, including moderation of their influences by health literacy and race. METHODS From July 2011 to January 2012, field experiments were...

OBJECTIVE To inform international research and policy, we conducted a meta-analysis of the experimental literature on pictorial cigarette pack warnings. DATA SOURCES We systematically searched 7 computerised databases in April 2013 using several search terms. We also searched reference lists of relevant articles. STUDY SELECTION We included studies that used an experimental protocol to test...