Before fertilization, spermatozoa must undergo a process called capacitation in order to fulfill their fertilization potential. This includes series of structural, biochemical, and functional changes before subsequent acrosome reaction fusion with the oocyte. However, low temperatures during cryopreservation may induce premature activation capacitation-like changes, also known as cryocapacitati...

Methods, devices and systems for determining the frequency of a periodic physiological process of a subject, particularly respiration rate or heart rate, are disclosed. In one arrangement plural time windows of physiological data are obtained. Reference features 5 corresponding to modulation modes are identified. Modulations of the reference features are extracted. Quality parameters are obtain...