Atmospheric correction of visible/infrared spectra traditionally involves either (1) physics-based methods using Radiative Transfer Models (RTMs), or (2) empirical methods using in situ measurements. Here a more general probabilistic formulation unifies the approaches and enables combined solutions. The technique is simple to implement and provides stable results from one or more reference spec...

in this paper, newton harmonic balance method (nhbm) is applied to obtain the analytical solution for an electron beam injected into a plasma tube where the magnetic field is cylindrical and increases towards the axis in inverse proportion to the radius. periodic solution is analytically verified and consequently the relation between the natural frequency and the amplitude is obtained in an ana...

There are many methods for numerical solutions of integral equations. In various branches of science and engineering, chemistry and biology, and physics applications integral equation is provided by many other authors. In this paper, a simple numerical method using a fuzzy, for the numerical solution of the integral equation with the weak singular kernel is provided. Finally, by providing three...

the current paper focuses on some analytical techniques to solve the non-linear duffing oscillator with large nonlinearity. four different methods have been applied for solution of the equation of motion; the variational iteration method, he’s parameter expanding method, parameterized perturbation method, and the homotopy perturbation method. the results reveal that approximation obtained by th...

systems in which reaction terms are coupled to diffusion and advection transports arise in awide range of chemical engineering applications, physics, biology and environmental. in these cases, thecomponents of the unknown can denote concentrations or population sizes which represent quantities andthey need to remain positive. classical finite difference schemes may produce numerical drawbacks s...

‎the notion of quasi-einstein metric in physics is equivalent to the notion of ricci soliton in riemannian spaces‎. ‎quasi-einstein metrics serve also as solution to the ricci flow equation‎. ‎here‎, ‎the riemannian metric is replaced by a hessian matrix derived from a finsler structure and a quasi-einstein finsler metric is defined‎. ‎in compact case‎, ‎it is proved that the quasi-einstein met...

This review is written to introduce infrared photon detectors based on solution-processable semiconductors. A new generation of have been reported in the past few decades colloidal quantum dots, two-dimensional materials, organics semiconductors, and perovskites. These materials offer sensitivity within spectral regions advantages ease fabrication at low temperature, tunable properties, mechani...