Bacterial plasmolytic response to osmotic stress was evaluated as a physical indicator of membrane integrity and hence cellular viability. Digital image analysis and either low-magnification dark-field, high-magnification phase-contrast, or confocal laser microscopy, in conjunction with pulse application of a 1.5 M NaCl solution, were used as a rapid, growth-independent method for quantifying t...

The behavior of many physical processes is greatly aaected by some of their localized physical properties. For such cases it is essential that local grid reenement techniques be applied. We present the results of implementation of four local error indicators, namely the residual based error indicator, an error indicator based on the approximation of the second derivatives, Zienkeiwicz-Zhu error...

T he market potential is an indicator showing the level of market access and national demand for products of a region. The aim of this study is to study the effect of market potential on regional economic growth in 28 Iranian provinces over the years 2001–2011. In order to do that, a model of regional growth was estimated by using Spatial Dynamic Panel Data technique. This technique ...

This paper reviews recent investigations into parental involvement. It explores factors that should be considered for measurement, including the measurement of father involvement. It is found that current directions of research on parenting focus on parental identity, division of labour and parenting styles. These directions in research are reviewed. Introduction Parental involvement is importa...

This paper presents the results of a preliminary qualitative study on the distribution and diversity of live larval chironomids (Insecta: Order Diptera, non-biting midges) in the Kigoma Bay Region of Lake Tanganyika. In recent years, fossil midges have been used extensively, both as ecological indicators of anthropogenic impacts on lakes, and as proxies in paleoclimate/paleoecological studies (...