Larvae of anadromous rainbow smelt originating in various spawning tributaries are retained in the St Lawrence estuary. We proposed that these smelt represent one population genetically differentiated from adjacent populations characterized by geographically distinct larval retention areas. We also analysed four landlocked populations to evaluate the phylogenetic basis of dwarf and normal-sized...

We present SeaView version 4, a multiplatform program designed to facilitate multiple alignment and phylogenetic tree building from molecular sequence data through the use of a graphical user interface. SeaView version 4 combines all the functions of the widely used programs SeaView (in its previous versions) and Phylo_win, and expands them by adding network access to sequence databases, alignm...

The low evolutionary rate of mitochondrial genes in Anthozoa has challenged their utility for phylogenetic and systematic purposes, especially for DNA barcoding. However, the evolutionary rate of Ceriantharia, one of the most enigmatic "orders" within Anthozoa, has never been specifically examined. In this study, the divergence of mitochondrial DNA of Ceriantharia was compared to members of oth...

To determine the mechanism of molecular evolution, molecular biologists need to carry out reconciliation work. In reconciliation work, they compare the relation between two heterogeneous phylogenetic trees and the relation between a phylogenetic tree and a taxonomic tree are compared. Phylogenetic trees and taxonomic trees are referred to as ordered trees and a reconciliation graph is construct...

Hyalella is a genus of epigean freshwater amphipods endemic to the Americas. The study morphological characters alone has traditionally dominated description new species. Recently, molecular systematics tools have contributed identifying many cryptic species and high level convergent evolution in complexes from North America South American highlands. In this study, we evaluate for first time di...

background escherichia coli is one of the most causative pathogen of urinary tract infection. urinary tract infections (utis) are the second most common cause of morbidity and remain a serious health concern among the clinicians. the severity of uti caused by uropathogenic e. coli (upec) is due to the expression of a wide spectrum of virulent factors such as adhesin coding operons. little is kn...

Helichrysum bellum Hilliard (Compositae: Inuleae: Gnaphaliinae) is described and illustrated. The genus Helichrysum, its position in the family, discussed, along with placement of Hilliard's Group 28 species relation to recent phylogenetic studies, compared Moeser's original his early revision. richness Drakensburg Alpine Centre commented on, especially some closely related H. bellum. Cultivati...

Sedlacekvia kinchegaensis sp. nov., a new member of the hitherto monotypic genus Sedlacekvia Winkler, 1989 is described from an arid region of New South Wales, Australia. As the genus has not been associated with any subfamily of Cleridae yet, its classification within Clerinae and phylogenetic relation with Odontophlogistus Elston, 1923 (Cleridae: Clerinae) is proposed.

The genus and its five known species are redescribed P. jicaquei sp. nov. is described. Synonymies include beckeri Zang, 1905 with opacipennis (Thompson, 1857) (new synonymy), mandibularis Casey, 1914 burmeisteri Kuwert, 1891 magister 1897 mniszechi Kaup, 1868 densipennis kraatzi 1898 synonymy). We a phylogenetic analysis, keys for larvae adults, biogeographic information each species. occurs f...