Phrase alignment is the task that requires the constituent phrases of two halves of a bitext to be aligned. In order to align phrases, one must discover them first and this article presents a method of aligning phrases that are discovered automatically. Here, the notion of a ‘phrase’ will be understood as being given by a subtree of a dependency-like structure of a sentence called linkage. To d...

(Chapter in Springer book ”Current Challenges in Patent Information Retrieval”, to appear in May 2011) This paper takes a fresh look at an old idea in Information Retrieval: the use of linguistically extracted phrases as terms in the automatic categorization of documents, and in particular the pre-classification of patent applications. In Information Retrieval, until now there was found little ...

This paper presents a technique for transliteration based directly on techniques developed for phrase-based statistical machine translation. The focus of our work is in providing a transliteration system that could be used to translate unknown words in a speech-to-speech machine translation system. Therefore the system must be able to generate arbitrary sequence of characters in the target lang...

Attention on constraint-based grammar formalisms such as Head-driven Phrase Structure Grammar (HPSG) has focussed on syntax and semantics to the exclusion of phonology. This paper investigates the incorporation of a non-procedural theory of phonology into HPSG, based on the ‘one-level’ model of Bird & Ellison (1992). The standard rule-representation distinction is replaced by the description-ob...

Generating a novel textual description of an image is an interesting problem that connects computer vision and natural language processing. In this paper, we present a simple model that is able to generate descriptive sentences given a sample image. This model has a strong focus on the syntax of the descriptions. We train a purely bilinear model that learns a metric between an image representat...

We present a statistical machine translation model that uses hierarchical phrases—phrases that contain subphrases. The model is formally a synchronous context-free grammar but is learned from a parallel text without any syntactic annotations. Thus it can be seen as combining fundamental ideas from both syntax-based translation and phrase-based translation. We describe our system’s training and ...

In previous lectures we’ve seen IBM translation models 1 and 2. In this note we will describe phrasebased translation models. Phrase-based translation models give much improved translations over the IBM models, and give state-of-the-art translations for many pairs of languages. Crucially, phrase-based translation models allow lexical entries with more than one word on either the source-language...

We propose a new phrase-based translation model and decoding algorithm that enables us to evaluate and compare several, previously proposed phrase-based translation models. Within our framework, we carry out a large number of experiments to understand better and explain why phrase-based models outperform word-based models. Our empirical results, which hold for all examined language pairs, sugge...

objective : the major objective of this study was to determine the means and 95% confidence interval of normal 6 years old children's motor-verbal skills. based on the results of this study we could develop a measure to diagnose abnormal motor skills. in addition, in this follow-up study, we compared the first-graders' motor-verbal skills to their own skills one year earlier. method: ...