the effective and efficient understanding of the past, which is useful for present time, will transform the history into a dynamic science when it becomes an essential concern for historians. history, as a science, is the result of historian’s insights and perceptions; and philosophical hermeneutics with emphasizing on ontology of understanding and especially on importance of interpretation, ha...

this article investigates and analyses philosophical and theological foundations of social management in view of islam. in view of islam and reason, human being is social and only he attains to happiness and perfection in society. in every society, including islamic one, decomposes without of government. every government depends on two chief bases: law and management. in view of rational and re...

radical feminism is definable as a movement in second half of twentieth century that considers patriarchy or maledomination at the root of women’s oppression. according to this idea, the problem is born within the family and non equal relations between it’s male and female members, and then from hear goes to society and politics. the radical feminists were inspired by dominant discourse of new ...

background: in recent decades, traditional medical ethics which is confined to certain commands and prohibitions, is substituted by modern medical ethics which deals with problems such as euthanasia, abortion, organ transplantation, etc. and tries to find proper ethical solutions. these solutions wittingly or unwittingly are rooted in certain philosophical foundations. methods: the philosophy o...

Background and aim: Grounded theory has taken some different theoretical perspectives since its creation in 1967 by Barney Glaser. Considering that applying grounded theory partly depends on an awareness of its philosophical perspectives, gaining knowledge about these various perspectives is required for health care professionals who are interested in studying the social processes. This review ...