The oscillations in phenylalanine aunnnia-lyase activity from Spirodels pelyrhiza and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and tyrosine ammonia-lyase activities from Lemnas perpusilam disayed a circadian rhythm under continuous lght. Rhythmiclty in enzymic activity could not be detected in continuous darkness since under this condition phenylalanine ammonialyase activity remains at a fairly constantly l...

Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) is a key enzyme in pathogen defence, stress response and secondary metabolism and is subject to post-translational phosphorylation. In order to address the significance of this phenomenon it is necessary to identify the protein kinase (PK) responsible and place it in its regulatory circuit. Using protoplast transient expression of Arabidopsis kinase genes coupl...

Flavonoids are valuable natural products derived from the phenylpropanoid pathway. The objective of this study was to create a host for the biosynthesis of naringenin, the central precursor of many flavonoids. This was accomplished by introducing the phenylpropanoid pathway with the genes for phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) from Rhodosporidium toruloides, 4-coumarate:coenzyme A (CoA) ligase (...

Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a genetic metabolic disease in which the decrease or loss of phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) activity results in elevated, neurotoxic levels of phenylalanine (Phe). Due to many obstacles, PAH enzyme replacement therapy is not currently an option. Treatment of PKU with an alternative enzyme, phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), was first proposed in the 1970s. However, iss...

Due to high water content and perishability, the raspberry fruit is sensitive postharvest fungal contamination losses. In this study, chitosan was used as an edible coating increase storage of raspberries, nanotechnology efficiency. The treated with emulsion containing nanoparticles (ECNPC) at 0, 2.5, 5 g L?1, stored for 9 d. Decay extension rate, phytochemical contents, including total phenoli...

Divalent Mn ions cause an increase in the level of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase in gherkin hypocotyls. With the exception of Mg ions, which had a small effect, no other metal ion has so far been found which could replace the Mn ion in this respect. Invertase and peroxidase were not significantly affected by the Mn treatment. The increase in phenylalanine ammonialyase activity is explained by the...

The effect of ethylene on the development of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity in segments excised from the epicotyl apex of pea seedling was studied. Although there was some increase in phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity in segments not treated with ethylene, a marked increase in phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity occurred in ethylene-treated tissues during the incubation. The induction...

lignin is one of the major characteristics of plant secondary cell wall that provides structural rigidity for the cells and tissues and hydrophobicity to tracheary elements. internode tissues of aeluropus littoralis as a halophyte grass were sampled at different developmental stages (from the first to the fifth internodes ) and under different nacl concentrations. the influences of nacl and int...

3H-l-Phenylalanine is incorporated into a range of phenylpropanoid compounds when fed to tobacco cell cultures. A significant proportion of (3)H-trans-cinnamic acid formed from (3)H-l-phenylalanine did not equilibrate with exogenous trans-cinnamic acid and therefore may be rapidly channeled through the cinnamate 4-hydroxylase (C4H) reaction to 4-coumaric acid. Such compartmentalization of trans...

Acrylic acids and alanines substituted with heteroaryl groups at the beta-position were synthesized and spectroscopically characterized (UV, HRMS, (1)H NMR, and (13)C NMR spectroscopy). The heteroaryl groups were furanyl, thiophenyl, benzofuranyl, and benzothiophenyl and contained the alanyl side chains either at the 2- or 3-positions. While the former are good substrates for phenylalanine ammo...