The phrase "Personalized Medicine" has been alternately broadly and narrowly defined. Under its broadest definition, clinicians have been have been providing personalized medicine for as long as there has been medical practice physicians employ diagnostic tools, whether in vitro tests, imaging techniques, or symptomology to determine a particular condition, and then go on to prescribe the appro...

1. Frikke-Schmidt R, Nordestgaard BG, Stene MC, et al. Association of loss-offunction mutations in the ABCA1 gene with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and risk of ischemic heart disease. JAMA. 2008;299(21):2524-2532. 2. Singaraja RR, Visscher H, James ER, et al. Specific mutations in ABCA1 have discrete effects on ABCA1 function and lipid phenotypes both in vivo and in vitro. Circ R...

Students have to choose between industry and academia at the end of their formal education. One great opportunity to assess their ability in industry is to intern in a company during their academic training [1]. Many pharmaceutical companies often offer a 10to 12-week summer internship program for undergraduate and graduate students. During this program, interns have an opportunity to work with...

After investigation of one worker with occupational asthma, all 51 employees of a pharmaceutical company processing the macrolide antibiotic spiramycin were investigated to determine the frequency of the condition and the risk factors. The antibiotic was produced for short periods four to five times a year. The first part of the investigation, conducted before a production period, consisted of ...

Information plays a vital role in effective management of any system. With the Health Management Information System (HMIS), specific information may be provided to support the decision makers at various levels of the health system to assist evidence-based decision making. It is almost three decades (from 1984) that Iranian Ministry of Health (MoH) has used HMIS in its pharmaceutical sector as a...

Regarding to rapidly changing and highly competitive business environment it will become increasingly important for organizations to measure their performances appropriately. With respect to special characteristics of pharmaceutical industry and lack of reported performance measurement, this study tries to design an integrated performance measurement model for pharmaceutical companies. For gene...

BACKGROUND Pharmaceutical representative visits are believed to have substantial impact, but the effects on prescribing patterns have not been systematically evaluated. OBJECTIVE This study investigates how pharmaceutical sales representative visits influenced physicians' company-specific drug preferences and prevalence of steroid prescribing. METHODS Observational cohort study in Funen Cou...