Two case series and two epidemiological studies in the 1970s and 1980s suggested that benzene exposure might be a risk factor for multiple myeloma. An analysis has now been conducted of the published population-based and hospital-based case-control studies published through mid-1995 that permit examination of the relationship between multiple myeloma and benzene exposure or surrogates for benze...

Background: Men who were part of an Australian petroleum industry cohort had previously been found to have an excess of lympho-hematopoietic cancer. Occupational benzene exposure is a possible cause of this excess. Methods: We conducted a case-control study of lympho-hematopoictic cancer nested within the existing cohort study to examine the role of benzene exposure. Cases identified between 19...

Health risk characterization of exposure to benzene in service stations and petroleum refineries has been carried out in previous studies using guideline values set by various agencies. In this work, health risk was characterized with the exposure data as cumulative probability distribution (CPD) plots but using human epidemiological data. This was achieved by using lowest observable adverse ef...

OBJECTIVES To update the analysis of the cohort mortality and cancer incidence study of employees in the Australian petroleum industry. METHODS Employees of Australian Institute of Petroleum member companies were enrolled in the cohort in four industry-wide surveys between 1981 and 1999. Mortality of 16,547 males and 1356 females was determined up to 31 December 2001 and cancer incidence to 3...

From the perspective of risk response in petroleum project investment, the authors use a group decisionmaking (GDM) approach based on a variable precision rough set (VPRS) model for risk knowledge discovery, where experts were invited to identify risk indices and evaluate risk exposure (RE) of individual projects. First, the approach of VPRS-based GDM is introduced. Next, while considering mult...

Because of increasing interest in carotenoid pigments, we conducted a study of the methods of determining carotenoids in serum. We found 1 mol of KOH per liter of absolute methanol to be the most effective saponifying solution. The absorbance of beta-carotene in petroleum ether, the extraction solvent, is proportional to dilution up to an absorbance of 0.85 at 450 nm. Beta-carotene in petroleum...

A study has been carried out to determine the effect of coating two commercial glass-ionomer cements in either petroleum jelly or wax. After coating, specimens were stored in water for 24 or 168 hours, then the coating removed and the surface examined. Coating in wax was found to increase the surface hardness significantly compared with the uncoated control, whereas coating the specimens in pet...

BACKGROUND Benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene (BTEX) are the most important toxic volatile compounds in the air and could be easily absorbed through the respiratory tract. In recent years, the risk of exposure to BTEX compounds, especially benzene as a carcinogen, has been considered in petroleum depot stations. OBJECTIVE To assess the occupational exposure of petroleum depot workers i...