Light olefins such as ethylene, propylene, and butylenes, are basic building blocks for petrochemicals. Further, these olefins are also useful for production of clean fuels such as alkylates – which have high octanes but no sulfur, olefins, and aromatics – or as octaneenhancers such as ethers. The conventional olefin production process is steam cracking of C2−C4 light paraffins from natural gas...

Due to crude oil is limited, new resources for fuel and petrochemicals are important to be developed. Biogas or NG (Natural Gas) can be easily converted into methanol which can be reacted over zeolite to produce olefins and gasoline. HZSM-5 zeolite catalyst has been used in this study and its modification by (0.5wt%, 1wt%, 2wt% and 4wt %) Ni to convert methanol to hydrocarbons (MTH). Catalysts ...

This article reports on a study to determine the influence of aquatic macrophytes on the formation of phytoplankton and zooplankton communities as well as hydrohemical features in different regions of the Kuibyshev reservoir (Republic of Tatarstan, Russia). It was found that aquatic macrophytes have sanative effect resulting in the reduction amount of some chemical pollutants (petrochemicals, n...

There are known biocatalytic pathways to produce many common fuels and petrochemicals. These biocatalysts can be either enzymes or living microorganisms. The challenge is to produce these fuels and chemicals efficiently and economically. Critical parameters include feedstock Costs, yield, rate and downstream processing. Here we will examine several immobilized biocatalyst reactor designs that w...

Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) are widely used in many industries such as printing, petrochemicals, plastics, refrigerant, electronics, and paint manufacturing. (Babu and Raghuvanshi, 2004). However, large quantities of VOCs are released into the air, soil and groundwater because of occasional accidents and the absence of proper treatment technologies. Most VOCs are toxic and carcinogenic su...

Production of fuels and chemicals through a fermentation-based manufacturing process that uses renewable feedstock such as lignocellulosic biomass is a desirable alternative to petrochemicals. Although it is still in its infancy, synthetic biology offers great potential to overcome the challenges associated with lignocellulose conversion. In this review, we will summarize the identification and...

As stock of crude oil is limited, new resources for fuel and petrochemicals are required to be developed. Natural gas or biogas can be easily converted into methanol which can be converted into gasoline and olefins. This study uses zeolite catalyst (ZSM-5) and its modification by Ni to convert methanol to hydrocarbons (MTH). Catalysts are studied at different temperatures and at different loadi...

Overview In 2010, approximately 12,330 people were diagnosed with and 8950 died of acute myeloid leukemia (AML).1 As the population ages, the incidence of AML, along with myelodysplasia, seems to be rising. Equally disturbing is the increasing incidence of treatment-related myelodysplasia and leukemia in survivors of childhood tumors and young adulthood, such as Hodgkin disease, sarcomas, breas...

The application of thermodynamics in biology and biochemistry has recently gained increasing interest due to the general trend where substitutes for petrochemicals and entirely new, sustainable means of production are being sought. Biochemical pathways involved in biological production steps can be modified by metabolic engineering. The methodical improvement of these systems requires detailed ...

The materials used in this study include HDPE (HD100 from M. Holland Company), PP (Polypropylene 3281 from Total Petrochemicals USA, Inc.) and HIPS (IS200 from M. Holland Company). Each polymer was then compounded with SureFlo at two different levels, 5 and 10%. A Q-500 thermogravemetric analyzer (TGA) was used for the study. In each experiment, the sample (typical size ~ 10 mg) was heated from...