BACKGROUND Atrazine (ATZ) is the second most abundantly applied pesticide in the United States. When we assessed exposure to ATZ by measuring its urinary mercapturic acid metabolite, general population data indicated that < 5% of the population was exposed to ATZ-related chemicals (limit of detection < 0.8 ng/mL). OBJECTIVES The aim of our study was to determine if we were underestimating ATZ...

ion wells (29). Not only the pesticides themselves are monitored, selected stable metabolites 8 are also included and often these are detected more frequently than the pesticide itself (3). The most 9 commonly encountered pesticide residue in Danish groundwater is 2,6-dichlorobenzamide (BAM). 10 BAM is a metabolite produced from partial degradation of the benzonitrile herbicide 2,611 dichlorobe...

BACKGROUND We measured 34 metabolites of current-use pesticides and other precursor compounds in urine samples collected twice during pregnancy from 538 women living in the Salinas Valley of California, a highly agricultural area (1999-2001). Precursors of these metabolites included fungicides, carbamate, organochlorine, organophosphorus (OP), and pyrethroid insecticides, and triazine and chlor...

Organophosphate (OP) pesticides are commonly used in the United States, and farmworkers are at risk for chronic exposure. Using a sample of 218 farmworkers in 24 communities and labor camps in eastern Washington State, we examined the association between agricultural crop and OP pesticide metabolite concentrations in urine samples of adult farmworkers and their children and OP pesticide residue...

Human paraoxonase-1 (HuPON1) has been proposed as a catalytic bioscavenger of organophosphorus (OP) pesticides and nerve agents. We assessed the potential of this enzyme to protect against OP poisoning using two different paradigms. First, recombinant HuPON1 purified from cabbage loopers (iPON1; Trichoplusia ni) was administered to guinea pigs, followed by exposure to at least 2 times the media...

In October 2004, the Florida Department of Health (FLDOH) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) assessed human exposure to ultra-low volume (ULV) aerial application of naled. Teams administered activity questionnaires regarding pesticide exposure and obtained baseline urine samples to quantify prespray naled metabolite levels. Following the spray event, participants were aske...

We analyzed organophosphorus pesticide exposure in 218 farm worker households in agricultural communities in Washington State to investigate the take-home pathway of pesticide exposure and to establish baseline exposure levels for a community intervention project. House dust samples (n = 156) were collected from within the homes, and vehicle dust samples (n = 190) were collected from the vehicl...

Indoor pesticide exposure is a growing concern, particularly from pyrethroids, a commonly used class of pesticides. Pyrethroid concentrations may be especially high in homes of immigrant farm worker families who often live in close proximity to agricultural fields, and are faced with poor housing conditions, causing higher pest infestation and more pesticide use. We investigate exposure of farm...

Human volunteer studies have been conducted by orally administering the pesticides deltamethrin (0.01 mg/kg/day) or pirimicarb (0.02 mg/kg/day) at the acceptable daily intake (ADI) together with chlorpyrifos-methyl (0.01 mg/kg/day), in order to investigate any potential interactions that may occur during dietary exposure. Deltamethrin and pirimicarb are metabolised in vivo by hydrolytic enzymes...

A new electrochemical method for the identification and quantification of Fenamiphos pesticide's major metabolite in biological samples – Sulphoxide (FNX) was developed. Computational calculations, Density Functional Theory (DFT) semi-empirical models (PM3) were performed to determine best monomer, pyrrole, a ratio 1 : 5 (template: monomer) chosen fabrication FNX?MIP sensor obtained by electrop...