In this paper we review recent models that provide adaptive explanations for animal personalities: individual differences in behaviour (or suites of correlated behaviours) that are consistent over time or contexts. We start by briefly discussing patterns of variation in behaviour that have been documented in natural populations. In the main part of the paper we discuss models for personality di...

Introduction Proteins that can regulate seemingly disparate mechanisms do so by engaging in multiple distinct protein interaction networks. Such multifunctional activities are characteristic of a protein in mammalian cells known as 'Alix' or 'AIP1'. Both names derive from its original discovery as an interaction partner of ALG-2, a Ca 2+-binding protein implicated in apoptotic signaling (Missot...

Believable agents designed for long-term interaction with human users need to adapt to them in a way which appears emotionally plausible while maintaining a consistent personality. For short-term interactions in restricted environments, scripting and state machine techniques can create agents with emotion and personality, but these methods are labor intensive, hard to extend, and brittle in new...