Grover, Ashok K., Sue E. Samson, Sarah Robinson, and Chiu Yin Kwan. Effects of peroxynitrite on sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2 pump in pig coronary artery smooth muscle. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 284: C294–C301, 2003. First published November 6, 2002; 10.1152/ajpcell.00297. 2002.—Peroxynitrite generated in arteries from superoxide and NO may damage Ca2 pumps. Here, we report the effects of peroxyni...

A simple probe for the detection of peroxynitrite was developed incorporating a benzyl boronic ester "protecting" unit. The "protecting" unit of the probe is removed by peroxynitrite to "turn-on" ESIPT fluorescence (4.5 fold enhancement). Furthermore, the probe was cell permeable and was used in cell imaging experiments showing an off-on response towards peroxynitrite, in HeLa and RAW 264.7 cells.

A facile synthesized AIE bioprobe was developed to detect peroxynitrite sensitively and specifically. This can realize both in vitro ONOO− detection vivo visualization of inflammation.

Peroxynitrite, formed by the reaction between nitric oxide and superoxide, leads to the oxidation of proteins, lipids, and DNA, and nitrates thiols such as cysteine and glutathione, and amino acids like tyrosine. Previous in vitro studies have shown glutathione to be an efficient scavenger of peroxynitrite, protecting synaptosomal membranes from protein oxidation, the enzyme glutamine synthetas...

Peroxynitrite generated in arteries from superoxide and nitric oxide (NO) may damage their function. Here, we compare the effects of peroxynitrite and peroxynitrite/NO-generating agents SIN-1 (3-morpholinosydnonimine hydrochloride), SNAP (S-nitroso-N-acetyl-penicillamine), SNP (sodium nitroprusside), and NONOate (spermine NONOate) on pig coronary artery. Deendothelialized artery rings were pret...

Peroxynitrite may be involved in acetaminophen-induced liver damage. However, it is unclear if peroxynitrite is generated in hepatocytes or in the vasculature. To address this question, we treated C3Heb/FeJ mice with 300 mg/kg acetaminophen and assessed nitrotyrosine protein adducts as indicator for peroxynitrite formation. Vascular nitrotyrosine staining was evident before liver injury between...

Peroxynitrite, a potent cytotoxic agent, can damage a variety of biomolecules such as proteins, lipids, and DNA, and is considered as one of the major pathological causes of several diseases. Therefore, it would appear likely that interception of peroxynitrite by certain dietary compounds may represent one mechanism by which such foods may exert their beneficial action in vivo. A number of rese...

Cooke, Christy-Lynn M., and Sandra T. Davidge. Peroxynitrite increases iNOS through NFB and decreases prostacyclin synthase in endothelial cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 282: C395–C402, 2002. First published October 10, 2001; 10.1152/ajpcell.00295.2001.—Peroxynitrite, a marker of oxidative stress, is elevated in conditions associated with vascular endothelial cell dysfunction, such as atheros...

Peroxynitrite toxicity has been implicated in the pathogenesis of white matter injury. The mechanisms of peroxynitrite toxicity to oligodendrocytes (OLs), the major cell type of the white matter, are unknown. Using primary cultures of mature OLs that express myelin basic protein, we found that 3-morpholinosydnonimine, a peroxynitrite generator, caused toxicity to OLs. N,N,N',N'-tetrakis (2-pyri...

Phagocytes produce both nitric oxide and superoxide as components of the oxidative defense against pathogens. Neither molecule is likely at physiological concentrations to kill cells. However, two of their reaction products, hydrogen peroxide and peroxynitrite, are strong oxidants, cell-permeant, and toxic. Hydrogen peroxide generates oxidative DNA damage, while the primary mechanism of toxicit...