We present a method for forming monodisperse semi-permeable microcapsules composed of an alginate-poly-L-lysine (PLL) membrane for the observation of encapsulated cells. These microcapsules were prepared with a monolithic three-dimensional microfluidic axisymmetric flow-focusing device by an internal gelation method using glucono-1,5-lactone in order to provide mild conditions for the cells. Th...

The influence of transmembrane ion fluxes on mycoplasma membrane potentials was studied. Fluorescence intensity of potential-sensitive carbocyanine dyes was calibrated vs. electric membrane potential. Potassium and sodium ion diffusion potentials significantly contributed to mycoplasma membrane potential. Chloride ions were obviously freely permeable across mycoplasma membranes. Under growth co...

• Membrane for water/gases separation under high temperature and pressure is reviewed. Water permeable membrane reactors applied in various CO 2 hydrogenations The mechanism of harsh conditions discussed. Key requirements zeolite membranes applying hydrogenation Converting to valuable chemicals via catalytic presents a promising way utilization. However, many types are generally conducted (T?20...

Nitrate-sensing system that consists of a micromachined sensor substrate, nitrate-permeable membrane, integrated microfluidic channels, and standard fluidic connectors has been designed, fabricated, assembled, and tested. Our microsensor was designed for in-situ monitoring of nitrate concentrations in ground water. A silver electrode was patterned for amperometric nitrate detection. An electroc...

The inability of most drugs to cross the blood-brain barrier and/or plasma membrane limits their use for biomedical applications in the brain. Cell Permeable Peptides (CPPs) overcome this problem and are effective in vivo, crossing the plasma membrane and the blood-brain barrier. CPPs deliver a wide variety of compounds intracellularly in an active form. In fact, many bioactive cargoes have neu...

Ligand-Gated Channel Receptors. When a neurotransmitter molecule binds to a receptor that acts as a ligand-gated ion channel, a channel opens, allowing ions to flow across the membrane (see figure). The flow of positively charged ions into the cell depolarizes the portion of the membrane nearest the channel. Because this situation is favorable to the subsequent generation of an action potential...

Free cytosolic Ca(2+) ([Ca(2+)](cyt)) is an ubiquitous second messenger in plant cell signaling, and [Ca(2+)](cyt) elevation is associated with Ca(2+)-permeable channels in the plasma membrane and endomembranes regulated by a wide range of stimuli. However, knowledge regarding Ca(2+) channels and their regulation remains limited in planta. A type of voltage-dependent Ca(2+)-permeable channel wa...

The incorporation of porin protein F from the outer membrane of Pseudomonas aeruginosa into artificial lipid bilayers results in an increase of the membrane conductance by many orders of magnitude. The membrane conductance is caused by the formation of large ion-permeable channels with a single-channel conductance in the order of 5 nS for 1 M alkali chlorides. The conductance has an ohmic curre...

A comprehensive two-dimensional HPLC system with an immobilized liposome chromatography (ILC) column in conjunction with an RP column (in tandem) was developed for the screening and analysis of the membrane-permeable compounds in a traditional Chinese medicine prescription Longdan Xiegan Decoction (LXD). More than 50 components in LXD were resolved using the developed separation system. Eight f...