objective(s):the objective of this study was to find a stable microemulsion vehicle for transdermal delivery of ibuprofen to improve the skin permeability. materials and methods: microemulsion was prepared using different sorts of oils, surfactants and co-surfactants. pseudo-ternary phase diagrams were used to evaluate the microemulsion domain. the effects of oleic acid and surfactant mixture o...

improving barrier properties through the use of nanocomposites is an important area of research, especially for the food packaging industry. in this work, titanium dioxide (tio2 )/low density poly ethylene (ldpe) nanocomposites were synthesized as the oxygen barrier layers through the co-extrusion process. the oxygen permeability of the nanocomposite with 4% of tio2 decreased for about 16% comp...

Positive coupling effect in gas condensate reservoirs is assessed through a pure theoretical approach. A combination of linear stability analysis and long bubble approximation is applied to describe gas condensate coupled flow and relative permeability, thereof. The role of capillary number in gas condensate flow is clearly expressed through closed formula for relative permeability. While the m...

Mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) are attracting significant interest for pervaporation and gas separation applications. To better comprehend the impact of filler particles within polymer matrices, the species permeation mass transport was theoretically studied by numerical simulation using finite differences. The Fick’s second law of diffusion was solved for a three-dimensional MMM to obtain the c...

investigation of desertification trend requires an understanding of phenomena that create changes singly or action and reaction together in an area that these changes were led to the desertification and land degradation. in the investigation of pedological criterion affecting on land degradation in alluvial fans, first, the map of units was created by overlaying and crossing maps of slope class...

pedological criterion affecting desertification in alluvial fans was investigated, for which the map of units was prepared by crossing maps of land use, geology, slope classes and grid layer created by the extension of et geo-wizards in arcgis 10.3. three indices of salinity, erodibility, and permeability of soil were considered and classified. weights of criteria and consistency ratio were cal...

More than half of all hydrocarbon reservoirs are Naturally Fractured Reservoirs (NFRs), in which production forecasting is a complicated function of fluid flow in a fracture-matrix system. Modelling of fluid flow in NFRs is challenging due to formation heterogeneity and anisotropy. Stress sensitivity and depletion effect on already-complex reservoir permeability add to the sophistication. Horiz...

Klinkenberg permeability is an important parameter in tight gas reservoirs. There are conventional methods for determining it, but these methods depend on core permeability. Cores are few in number, but well logs are usually accessible for all wells and provide continuous information. In this regard, regression methods have been used to achieve reliable relations between log readings and Klinke...

The volumetric changes in the coal matrix (Coal Shrinkage), permeability under various gas environment conditions as well as perographical properties were studied in the laboratory. The shrinkage and permeability of coal were examined with respect to changing gas type and confining pressures. The shrinkage tests were carried out in high-pressure bombs while the permeability study was conducted ...

For the characteristics of horizontal fractures in shallow low-permeability oil layers after hydraulic fracturing in multilayer reservoirs, horizontal fractures are taken equivalent to an elliptical cylinder with the reservoir thickness using the equivalent permeability model; then, upon the elliptic seepage theory, the seepage field which has led by a vertical well with horizontal fractures is...