Wetting pattern geometry is useful in determining the spacing between emitters and irrigation time drip systems. This research aimed to generate an empirical model estimate width depth of wetting front surface based on experimental tests a cube-shaped container with transparent walls soils sandy clay loam texture, hydraulic conductivities from 2.316 3.945 cm h?1, organic matter contents 1.7 2.8...

The influence of the moss layer on soil structure and water retention is not well understood. Therefore, this study aims to investigate changes in under reveal influencing factors these changes. 3D networks macropores were quantified using CT scanning image analysis techniques, characteristics explored through curves (SWRCs) VG model. length densities thin thick layers approximately 2.7 1.6 tim...

Replenishing nutrients through organic sources is essential to maintain the soil health and sustainability in Eastern Himalayan Region, India which is organic by default. Keeping this in mind an experiment was laid out on randomized block design with six treatments viz., T1: Vermicompost (VC; 2.5 Mg ha-1), T2: Poultry manure (PM; 1.25 Mg ha-1), T3: Swine manure (SM; 3.0 Mg ha-1), T4: Cow du...

The water retention curve (WRC) of arable soils from the southeastern United States at different levels compaction (no compaction, and 10 20% increases in soil bulk density) was estimated using van Genuchten–Mualem (VG) model. VG parameters noncompacted were obtained first by fitting measured hydraulic data. To construct WRC compacted soils, gravimetric values permanent wilting point (?gw, 1,50...

Robust assessment of crop water availability requires effective integration soil moisture data within the range field capacity (θFC) to permanent wilting point (θPWP). Emerging needs for spatiotemporally dynamic θFC and θPWP are difficult achieve with lab determinations. Therefore, we used long-term from 182 sites across United States evaluate whether extremes defined by 95th 5th percentiles re...

Rice production in East Java has decreased, which is related to climate change. Uncertain results a shift planting time. Climate projection scenarios are solution see future climatic conditions. One of the analyses used water balance. This study aims balance determine rice (Oryza sativa L.) time based on scenarios. The research was conducted from March July 2022 four districts Java. materials a...

nowadays, the limitation of water resources are added on the importance of detailed planning including the estimated timing and amount of irrigation water. this is possible with considering the soil indices and water balance. the measured soil field capacity of some with two lab and field measurement methods were 21% and 19/8% respectively and the permanent wilting point were determined 12% as ...