tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (trail), a member of tnf family, is an interesting ligand which selectively induces apoptosis in tumor cells and, therefore, it has been developed for cancer therapy. this ligand has been produced by various hosts such as e.coli. however, protein expression in e.coli cytoplasm leads to problems such as incorrect folding, reduction in biolo...

Intimin is the main adhesin of Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) O157:H7 bacteria which are the most common leading infectious cause of bloody diarrhea and acute kidney failure in children who develop hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). Intimin is required for persistent bacterial colonization to eukaryotic host cell and its receptor-binding activity is localized at the C-terminus 282 amino acids (...

BACKGROUND Protein secretion to the periplasm of Escherichia coli offers an attractive route for producing heterologous proteins including antibodies. In this approach, a signal peptide is fused to the N-terminus of the heterologous protein. The signal peptide mediates translocation of the heterologous protein from the cytoplasm to the periplasm and is cleaved during the translocation process. ...

Cholera toxin (CT) is an AB(5) toxin responsible for the profuse secretory diarrhea resulting from Vibrio cholerae infection. CT consists of a pentameric, receptor-binding B subunit (CTB) and a monomeric A subunit (CTA) that has latent enzymatic activity. In addition to its enterotoxicity, CT has potent mucosal adjuvant activity and can also function as a carrier molecule with many potential ap...

Colicin M (Cma) is specifically imported into the periplasm of Escherichia coli and kills the cells. Killing depends on the periplasmic peptidyl prolyl cis-trans isomerase/chaperone FkpA. To identify the Cma prolyl bonds targeted by FkpA, we replaced the 15 proline residues individually with alanine. Seven mutant proteins were fully active; Cma(P129A), Cma(P176A), and Cma(P260A) displayed 1%, a...