The effects of a policy measure often reach the consumer only after one or more intermediate steps, for instance because the measure lowers the cost of an input for an industry producing a consumer good. This paper is concerned with the question how to measure such indirect effects correctly under conditions of perfect and imperfect competition. Conventional CBA measures the indirect effects on...

Trade credit is provided by suppliers to meet the purchase needs of retailers, playing a more and important role in trade. In this paper, effects preferential on retailers' business decisions are investigated under capital constraints perfectly competitive market. game model, loan competition conditions considered when banks manufacturers offer capital-constrained retailers. proposed different ...

There is robust evidence in the experimental economics literature showing that monopoly power affected by trading institutions. In this paper, we study whether institutions themselves can shape agents' market behavior through formation of anchors. We recreate experimentally five different double-auction structures (perfect competition, perfect competition with quotas, cartel on price, price and...

In the restructured environment of electricity market, firstly the generating companies and the customers are looking for maximizing their profit and secondly independent system operator is looking for the stability of the power network and maximizing social welfare. In this paper, a one way auction in the electricity market for the generator companies is considered in both perfect and imperfec...

Most analysis of market power assumes that managers are perfect agents for shareholders. This paper relaxes that assumption. When managers of a multi-product firm exert unobservable effort to improve product quality, price coordination incentives tradeoff with effort incentives. This makes some intra-firm price competition optimal, explaining why many multi-product firms allow for competition b...

in the restructured environment of electricity market, firstly the generating companies and the customers are looking for maximizing their profit and secondly independent system operator is looking for the stability of the power network and maximizing social welfare. in this paper, a one way auction in the electricity market for the generator companies is considered in both perfect and imperfec...

Why do private firms invest in innovation? Surely the answer to this question is related to the benefits that firms obtain from improving their technology or production processes. In particular, the rate of innovation has been traditionally linked to the capacity of firms to generate profits from these innovations. These profits, in turn, are used by firms to finance their investments in techno...