Exposure to long-term stress has a variety of consequences on the brain and cognition. Few studies have examined the influence of long-term stress on event related potential (ERP) indices of error processing. The current study investigated how long-term academic stress modulates the error related negativity (Ne or ERN) and the error positivity (Pe) components of error processing. Forty-one male...

Evidence suggests that psychopathic individuals display difficulties to adapt their behavior in accordance with the demands of environment and show altered performance monitoring. Studies investigating error-related negativity (ERN) error-positivity (Pe) as electrophysiological markers error monitoring reported contradictory results for this population. To explain these discrepancies, we hypoth...

Despite recent evidence that neural correlates of error monitoring such as the error-related negativity (ERN) and error positivity (Pe) are visible in children sooner than previously thought, little is known about these components early in life. Error-monitoring components can be noninvasively recorded from a very early age and have been proposed as biological markers of risk for psychopatholog...

The presented study refers to cognitive aspects of burnout as the effects of long-term work-related stress. The purpose of the study was to investigate electrophysiological correlates of burnout to explain the mechanisms of the core burnout symptoms: exhaustion and depersonalization/cynicism. The analyzed error-related electrophysiological markers shed light on impaired cognitive mechanisms and...

Adult psychopathic offenders show an increased propensity towards violence, impulsivity, and recidivism. A subsample of youth with elevated psychopathic traits represent a particularly severe subgroup characterized by extreme behavioral problems and comparable neurocognitive deficits as their adult counterparts, including perseveration deficits. Here, we investigate response-locked event-relate...

Growth in executive functioning (EF) skills play a role children's academic success, and the transition to elementary school is an important time for the development of these abilities. Despite this, evidence concerning the development of the ERP components linked to EF, including the error-related negativity (ERN) and the error positivity (Pe), over this period is inconclusive. Data were recor...

1 Chernoff Bounds 1.1 Bayesian Hypothesis Test A test using log-likelihood ratio statistic has the form, T (Y ) = logL(Y ) T τ. (1) Bound-1: The probability of error Pe is bounded as, Pe ≤ (π0 + π1e )eμT,0(s0)−s0τ , (2) where μT,0(s) = logE0[e ], and μ ′ T,0(s0) = τ . Bound-2: ∀ s ∈ [0, 1], Pe ≤ max(π0, π1e )eμT,0(s)−sτ . (3) Derivation of the above bound: Consider, Pe = π0P0(Γ1) + π1P1(Γ0), = ...

Several criteria, such as CV, C p, AIC, CAIC, and MAIC, are used for selecting variables in linear regression models. It might be noted that C p has been proposed as an estimator of the expected standardized prediction error, although the target risk function of CV might be regarded as the expected prediction error RPE. On the other hand, the target risk function of AIC, CAIC, and MAIC is the e...

Errors in speeded decision tasks are associated with characteristic patterns of brain activity. In the scalp-recorded EEG, error processing is reflected in two components, the error-related negativity (ERN) and the error positivity (Pe). These components have been widely studied, but debate remains regarding the precise aspects of error processing they reflect. The present study investigated th...

The error-related negativity (ERN) and error positivity (Pe) are electrophysiological markers of error processing thought to originate in the medial frontal cortex. Previous studies using probabilistic reinforcement showed that individuals who learn more from negative than from positive feedback (negative learners) had larger ERNs than did positive learners. These findings support the dopamine ...