OBJECTIVE To study the effect of work related variables on the height, weight, and body mass index (BMI) of working boys aged 10-16 years. DESIGN Cross sectional survey. SETTING Irbid, Jarash, and North Jordan Valley in Jordan. PARTICIPANTS 135 working boys aged 10-16 years and their mothers. OUTCOME MEASURES Height for age z score; weight for age z score; BMI for age z score. RESULTS...

Background: Household income and other socioeconomic position (SEP) indicators are among the most salient social determinants of children’s emotions and behaviors. Some research has shown that income and other SEP indicators may have certain sex-specific effects on the structures and functions of particular brain regions. Objectives: To investigate sex differences in the association of househ...

The risk of poverty is very unevenly distributed in society. Some groups – unemployed people, lone parents, large families, people with disabilities, and some ethnic groups – have much higher poverty rates than average. Some events – losing a job, marital breakdown, having children – also put people at high risk of poverty. But being in a high-risk group does not necessarily mean you will be po...

INTRODUCTION Alcohol use and alcohol-related problems are on the rise in low- and middle-income countries. Expenditure on alcohol is an important problem for families and communities and needs to be assessed. AIM This study examines level of alcohol consumption and expenditure on alcohol in a district in Vietnam. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was conducted in a rural district in northern...

OBJECTIVE To identify and evaluate inequities in access to drinking water services as reflected in household per capita expenditure on water, and to determine what proportion of household expenditures is spent on water in 11 countries of Latin America and the Caribbean. METHODS Using data from multi-purpose household surveys (such as the Living Standards Measurement Survey Study) conducted in...

The objective was to identify the cost of meeting the Brazilian National Dietary Guidelines and analyze the impact on family budget. Data from the Brazilian Household Budget Survey for 2008 were used. Food purchases were recorded for seven days in 55,970 households. A subset of low-income families (≤ BRL 415.00 per capita/month and ≤ US$ 1.00 per capita/day) was used for the analysis. We estima...

The objective was to determine the effect of education on economic income households in Peru times pandemic (COVID-19), for which a quantitative research approach applied, non-experimental type and descriptive-correlational design; econometric model log-linear used, based Mincer equation, with information from database National Household Survey, period 2021. average 275.96 soles, standard devia...

Rapid urbanization and severe air quality deterioration in Pakistan have increased citizens’s concern towards air pollution. This study, conducted in November, 2016, aimed to develop relationship between degraded air quality and resident’s willingness to pay for improved air quality in city of Lahore, Pakistan through contingent valuation method to quantify an individual’s willingness to pay fo...

In this paper, we study the relation between life expectancy and both average income and measures of income inequality in 1980 and 1990, using the 17 Spanish regions as units of analysis. Average income was measured as average total income per household. The indicators of income inequality used were three measures of relative poverty-the percentage of households with total income less than 25%,...