The highly abundant GTP binding protein elongation factor Tu (EF-Tu) fulfills multiple roles in bacterial protein biosynthesis. Phage-displayed peptides with high affinity for EF-Tu were selected from a library of approximately 4.7 x 10(11) different peptides. The lack of sequence homology among the identified EF-Tu ligands demonstrates promiscuous peptide binding by EF-Tu. Homolog shotgun scan...

Plants have developed intercellular signaling systems that use secreted peptides and plasma membrane-localized receptor-like kinases (RLKs). Although there has been little experimental evidence linking specific peptide ligands to receptors, recent studies of several ligand-receptor pairs have revealed their increasingly important roles in cell-cell communications during plant development. In th...

Ligand or peptide-targeted phagemid particles are being pursued as vehicles for receptor-mediated gene delivery. Here we describe a helper phage in which the protein III (pIII) protein is modified by the addition of a ligand peptide sequence at the amino terminus. Phagemid particles can be prepared with the help of this modified helper phage and should display the ligand peptide in most of the ...

CD22 is a B-cell specific membrane glyco-protein that mediates homotypic and heterotypic celladhesion; it also regulates B-cell receptor (BCR)-mediatedsignals. Monoclonal antibodies (mAb) directed at theligand binding domain of CD22 initiate CD22-mediatedsignal transduction and apoptosis in B-cell lymphomas(NHL). Amino acid analysis of the complimentary deter-mining ...

Understanding of protein-ligand interactions and its influences on protein stability is necessary in the research on all biological processes and correlative applications, for instance, the appropriate affinity ligand design for the purification of bio-drugs. In this study, computational methods were applied to identify binding site interaction details between trastuzumab and its natural recept...

Peptide aptamers are small proteins containing a randomized peptide sequence embedded into a stable protein scaffold, such as Thioredoxin. We developed a robust method for building a Combinatorial Library of Improved Peptide aptamers (CLIPs) of high complexity, containing ≥3×10(10) independent clones, to be used as a molecular tool in the study of biological pathways. The Thioredoxin scaffold w...