We study the choices of two types of maximizing Public Servants over how far to carry privatization of industries and in what order to privatize. Two stylizations of the Public Servant's objectives are considered, a Niskanen-style Bureaucrat who maximizes a surplus budget subject to the constraint of staying in office, and a Populist who maximizes popularity/consumer welfare subject to the cons...

The number of violence against children seen increases during Covid-19 pandemic, which requires the students to carry out learning activities remotely. This condition causes feel burdened, often parents impact, while they have routine tasks and work. abuse their children, both physically psychologically. purpose this study is analyze recent Indonesian Government policy regarding fulfillment chi...

In post–civil rights America, the ascendance of “law-and-order” politics and “postracial” ideology have given rise to what we call the penology of racial innocence. The penology of racial innocence is a framework for assessing the role of race in penal policies and institutions, one that begins with the presumption that criminal justice is innocent of racial power until proven otherwise. Counte...

We analyze how economic shocks and policies affect the intensity of social conflict. We view conflict phenomena such as crime and civil war as involving resource appropriation activities. We show that not all shocks that could make society richer reduce conflict. Positive shocks to labor intensive industries diminish social conflict, while positive shocks to capital intensive industries increas...

Often democracy is defeated by democratically elected leaders who pursue undemocratic policies. The present contribution seeks to explain how information can a¤ect the danger of incompetent or populist politicians being elected into o¢ ce. It is shown with the help of a voting model that both the proportion of informed voters in a society and the state of the economy matter for determining who ...

Abstract Hungary Post-2010 has been ruled by Viktor Orbán and his right-wing Fidesz party is generally regarded as a typical case of populist governance. Reforming the Penal Code was one first major policy changes initiated shortly after winning 2010 elections. It introduced ‘three-strikes’ principle into Hungarian penal which considered prime example populism. could be inferred that in past de...

Consumers do not necessarily understand the economic trade-offs that determine the optimal level of pollution and the functioning of environmental policy instruments. When the optimal policy is implemented, market mechanisms ensure that consumption decisions are guided by correct price signals. However, green consumers may not simply react to these market signals but continue to adjust their wi...