there have been a number of developments in screw design and implantation techniques over recent years, including proposal of an alternative trajectory entitled as cortical bone trajectory (cbt). cortical bone trajectory has been investigated in recent medical treatments as an alternative for screw fixation aimed at increasing purchase of pedicle screws in higher density bone. cbt screw inserti...

STUDY DESIGN Pedicle screw strength or load to failure was biomechanically evaluated, and the geometric characteristics of pedicle screw instrumentation systems were compared. OBJECTIVES To compare the features of pedicle screw systems, and to demonstrate the failure point of the polyaxial pedicle screw head. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Many pedicle screw instrumentation systems are currentl...

Anatomical measurements of the cervical pedicle in a large series of human cervical vertebrae from 48 individuals were obtained to reduce the incidence and severity of complications caused by transpedicular screw placement. The greatest pedicle length was at C-3 and the greatest pedicle width was at C-6. Pedicle width and lateral mass thickness gradually increased from C-3 to C-6. Pedicle heigh...

STUDY DESIGN Using fresh cadavers, the biomechanical testing were used to examine the pullout strength of each pedicle screw. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate pullout strength of (1) a redirected pedicle screw following lateral wall breach; (2) a redirected pedicle screw following end-plate breach; and (3) a pedicle without redirection after end-plate breach without redirection...

Elevation of glucocorticoid (GC) hormone levels is an integral part of stress response (as well as its termination) and immunomodulation. These hormones are also responsible for mobilizing energy stores by stimulation of gluconeogenesis and inhibition of protein synthesis. Elevation of GCs is thus incompatible with other protein-demanding processes, such as moult. Previous studies have shown th...

Moringa oleifera is an important source of antioxidants, tools in nutritional biochemistry that could be beneficial for human health; the leaves and flowers are used by the population with great nutritional importance. This work investigates the antioxidant activity of M. oleifera ethanolic (E1) and saline (E2) extracts from flowers (a), inflorescence rachis (b), seeds (c), leaf tissue (d), lea...

Pedicle screws are the main fixation devices for certain surgeries. Pedicle screw loosening is a common problem especially for osteoporotic incidents. Cannulated screws with cement augmentation are widely used for that kind of cases. Dual lead dual cored pedicle screw has already given promising pullout values without augmentation. This study concentrates on the usage of dual lead dual core wit...