Normal variations in anatomy in the skeletally immature patient may be mistaken for fracture or injury due to the presence of secondary centers of ossification. Variations in imaging exist from patient to patient based on sex, age, and may even vary from one extremity to the other on the same patient. Despite differences in the appearance of the bony anatomy of the elbow there are certain landm...

Radial head stress fractures (RHSF) and capitellar osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) are rare. The purpose was to describe the clinical presentation of RHSF compare demographic, radiographic, characteristics pediatric gymnasts presenting with those OCD. A retrospective review consecutive female treated for either or OCD between 1/2014 2/2019 performed. Gymnasts < 18 years old at time injury signs...

PURPOSE Fractures of the medial humeral epicondyle represent approximately 10% of all pediatric elbow fractures. Surgically treated pediatric fractures of the medial humeral epicondyle were analyzed retrospectively for their epidemiological, clinical, radiological and surgical parameters. The evaluation includes the Mayo elbow performance score (MEPS). METHODS Twenty-five surgically treated f...

BACKGROUND Children with unilateral congenital below-the-elbow deficiency present a dilemma to clinicians. Parents want the child to have a prosthesis and, because it seems that the deficiency will cause functional problems, one is customarily prescribed for infants. Use of the prosthesis is then encouraged throughout childhood. However, these children frequently abandon the prosthesis. There a...

Background: There are limited evidences available in the literature describing complex elbow

Background Supracondylar humeral fractures constitute about 60% and 13% of all pediatric elbow and pediatric skeletal fractures, respectively, with a peak incidence in the 5-7 years age group. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare closed reduction with open reduction and pin fixation in type III supracondylar humeral fractures in children younger than...

We evaluated the efficiency of botulinum toxin type A injection followed by a rehabilitation program including individual therapy, group therapy, and occupational therapy in cases of cerebral palsy with upper extremity involvement. A total of 29 injections were performed on 25 patients, and the patients were placed on rehabilitation program. At 3-month and 6-month assessments, there was a signi...

OBJECTIVE Among infants and preschool children with complaint of upper extremity immobility, pulled elbow, also known as nursemaid's elbow or radial head subluxation is the most common cause presenting to pediatric emergency departments. However, proper tools to diagnose pulled elbow remain limited. We conducted a study to determine the feasibility of ultrasonography in diagnosing pulled elbow....

Supracondylar fractures of humerus in children are the most common pediatric elbow fractures that account for about 70% of elbow fractures [1-3]. These fractures are divided into two types; extension (98%) and flexion (2%) type. Regarding to the amount of displacement, the extension type is divided by Gartland into type I (without displacement), type II (with displacement but intact posterior c...

INTRODUCTION The debate regarding the description on classification and nomenclature of the injury which includes olecranon fracture associated with radial neck fractures in children is ongoing. We report two pediatric cases that could not be classified in a Monteggia-equivalents system and were treated with open reduction and k-wire fixation. The aim of this study was to perform a systematic r...