AIMS To evaluate the expression of programmed death-1 (PD-1) and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and their clinical and prognostic significance in primary esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). RESULTS The expression rate of PD-1 and PD-L1 in ESCC was 33.5% (117/349) and 41.4% (222/536), respectively. PD-L1 expression differed significantly by tumor location, grade, lymph node metastase...

Hybrid nanotubes of carbon and halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) with different carbon:HNTs ratio were hydrothermally synthesized from natural halloysite and sucrose. The samples display uniformly cylindrical hollow tubular structure with different morphologies. These hybrid nanotubes were concluded to be promising medium for physisorption-based hydrogen storage. The hydrogen adsorption capacity of p...

This paper proposes a novel invariant extended Kalman filter (IEKF), recently modified version of the (EKF), to estimate partial discharge (PD) location in transformer insulation system model. An acoustic signal measurement is utilized localize PD location. Unlike conventional EKF methods, where correction term used update state linearly proportional output error, proposed algorithm independent...

Human papillomavirus-associated head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HPV-HNSCC) originate in the tonsils, the major lymphoid organ that orchestrates immunity to oral infections. Despite its location, the virus escapes immune elimination duringmalignant transformation andprogression. Here, we provide evidence for the role of the PD-1:PD-L1 pathway in HPV-HNSCC immune resistance. We show membr...

Human papillomavirus-associated head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HPV-HNSCC) originate in the tonsils, the major lymphoid organ that orchestrates immunity to oral infections. Despite its location, the virus escapes immune elimination during malignant transformation and progression. Here, we provide evidence for the role of the PD-1:PD-L1 pathway in HPV-HNSCC immune resistance. We show mem...

BACKGROUND The incidence of end-stage renal disease is increasing, placing a tremendous burden on health care resources. Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is cheaper than hemodialysis and has many potential advantages and few contraindications as an initial modality selection. This study examined differences in patient PD attempt rates between nephrologists using technique survival and mortality as outc...

Aalto University, P.O. Box 11000, FI-00076 Aalto www.aalto.fi Author Muzamir Isa Name of the doctoral dissertation Partial Discharge Location Technique for Covered-Conductor Overhead Distribution Lines Publisher School of Electrical Engineering Unit Department of Electrical Engineering Series Aalto University publication series DOCTORAL DISSERTATIONS 9/2013 Field of research Power Systems and H...

Background In the last decades, several studies showed that wearable sensors, used for assessing Parkinson's disease (PD) motor symptoms and recording their fluctuations, could provide a quantitative and reliable tool for patient's motor performance monitoring. Objective The aim of this study is to make a step forward the capability of quantitatively describing PD motor symptoms. The specific...

In his paper Bridging the gap between politics and techniques: On the next practices of participatory design, Morten Kyng (2010) identifies a number of elements which, taken together, amount to a substantial change in the character and environment of participatory design (PD) from the 1970s to the 2000s. Almost without our noticing, what many of us actually do in the name of PD has deviated fro...

Phylogenetic diversity (PD) represents the evolutionary history of a species assemblage and is a valuable measure of biodiversity because it captures not only species richness but potentially also genetic and functional diversity. Preserving PD could be critical for maintaining the functional integrity of the world's ecosystems, and species extinction will have a large impact on ecosystems in a...