In a pot experiment, the potential use of 10 plant species, including six dicotyledon species and four monocotyledon species, was investigated for the EDTA-enhanced phytoextraction of Pb from contaminated soil. Mung bean and buckwheat had a higher sensitivity to the EDTA treatment in soils. In the 2.5 and 5.0 mmol kg(-1) EDTA treatments, the Pb concentrations in the shoots of the six dicotyledo...

Hydroponics and pot experiments were conducted to study the effects of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) on Pb transportation and accumulation by two contrasting ecotypes of Sedum alfredii Hance. In hydroponics experiments, the accumulating ecotype (AE) showed more ability to tolerate Pb toxicity compared with the non-accumulating ecotype (NAE). When treated with equimolar mixtures of EDTA...

A pseudo-boolean constraint (PB-constraint) is a linear inequality with 0-1 variables and integer coefficients. Search problems can be modeled as sets of PB-constraints, so that, solutions to a set of PB-constraints map to solutions of the search problem. An optimization problem can be modeled using a set of PB-constraints along with an optimization statement over a set of 0-1 variables. Pseudo...

The existence of ancient rocks in present mid-ocean ridges have long been observed but received less attention. Here we report the discovery of zircons with both reasonably young ages of about 5 Ma and abnormally old ages of approximate 180 Ma from two evolved gabbroic rocks that were dredged from the Southwest Indian Ridge (SWIR) in the Gallieni fracture zone. U-Pb and Lu-Hf isotope analyses o...

Introduction Let C be a convex bounded body in the n-dimensional Euclidean space E, and let B be its boundary. We use Busemann's notations: E(a,b) for the segment {(1 — p)a + pb: 0 < p ^ 1} from a to b, and S(z, p) for the sphere {x: \\z — x\\ = p). We now recall the definition of Hammer's associated bodies C(r). Let Cb(r) be the set obtained from C by a similitude transformation with a ratio r...

Laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) was used to determine the Pb/Ca ratios in the enamel of deciduous incisors, a biomarker of in utero Pb exposure, using pelletized bone certified reference materials (CRMs) as calibrants. The detection limit for Pb by LA-ICP-MS was 11 microg kg(-1) demonstrating an adequate sensitivity for Pb in the teeth of unexposed indivi...

This study evaluates atmospheric concentrations of soil and Pb aerosols, and blood lead levels (BLLs) in 367839 children (ages 0-10) in Detroit, Michigan from 2001 to 2009 to test a hypothesized soil → air dust → child pathway of contemporary Pb risk. Atmospheric soil and Pb show near-identical seasonal properties that match seasonal variation in children's BLLs. Resuspended soil appears to be ...