We consider approval-based committee voting, i.e. the setting where each voter approves a subset of candidates, and these votes are then used to select a fixedsize set of winners (committee). We propose a natural axiom for this setting, which we call justified representation (JR). This axiom requires that if a large enough group of voters exhibits agreement by supporting the same candidate, the...

Postmenopausal atrophic vagina (PAV) is the thinning of the walls of the vagina and decreased lugae of the vagina. PAV is caused by decreased estrogen levels in postmenopausal women. However, the harmful effects of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) have resulted in considerable caution in its use. Various estrogen agonist treatment options are available. Vitamin D is influences the regulation o...

ABSTRACT Reliable detection and quantification of barley and cereal yellow dwarf viruses (YDVs) is a critical component in managing yellow dwarf diseases in small grain cereal crops. The method currently used is enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), using antisera against the coat proteins that are specific for each of the various YDVs. Recently, quantitative real-time reverse-transcriptio...

OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to assess current evidence supporting the use of percutaneous heart valves (PHV) in degenerative aortic valve and congenital pulmonary outflow tract disease, as compared to conservative medical therapy or traditional surgical valve replacement. METHODS A systematic review of the literature on PHV was performed. RESULTS No randomized controlled trials (RC...

Pariacoto virus (PaV) is a nodavirus that was recently isolated in Peru from the Southern armyworm, Spodoptera eridania. Virus particles are non enveloped and about 30 nm in diameter and have T=3 icosahedral symmetry. The 3.0-A crystal structure shows that about 35% of the genomic RNA is icosahedrally ordered, with the RNA forming a dodecahedral cage of 25-nucleotide (nt) duplexes that underlie...

Information on the rankings and information on the approval of candidates in an election, though related, are fundamentally different—one cannot be derived from the other. Both kinds of information are important in the determination of social choices. We propose a way of combining them in two hybrid voting systems, preference approval voting (PAV) and fallback voting (FV), that satisfy several ...

Isotonic regression (IR) is a non-parametric calibration method used in supervised learning. For performing large-scale IR, we propose a primal-dual active-set (PDAS) algorithm which, in contrast to the state-of-the-art Pool Adjacent Violators (PAV) algorithm, can be parallized and is easily warm-started thus well-suited in the online settings. We prove that, like the PAV algorithm, our PDAS al...

The fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (FPAR) is widely used in remote sensing-based production models to estimate gross or net primary production. forest canopy composed primarily vegetation (PAV, green leaves) and non-photosynthetic (NPV e.g., branches), which absorb PAR but only the by PAV for photosynthesis. Green FPAR (the PAV) essential accurate estimation GPP. In th...

OBJECTIVE To compare the short-term physiologic effects of mask pressure support ventilation (PSV) and proportional assist ventilation (PAV) in patients in clinically stable condition with chronic ventilatory failure (CVF). DESIGN Randomized, controlled physiologic study. SETTING Lung function units of two pulmonary rehabilitation centers. PATIENTS Eighteen patients with CVF caused by COP...

Interactions between an invasive aphid, Metopolophium festucae (Theobald) subsp. cerealium, and Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV-PAV) were studied under laboratory conditions. M. festucae cerealium is an economic pest of wheat and barley that has recently been found in high population densities in wheat in the Pacific Northwest of the United States. BYDV-PAV is the most prevalent and injurious s...