Free current operators are constructed for massive particles with arbitrary spin j. Such current operators are related to representations of the U(N,N) type groups and are covariant under the (extended) Poincaré group and charge conjugation, where the charge conjugation operation is defined as an automorphism on U(N,N) elements. The currents are also required to satisfy current conservation, he...

The non-minimal coupling of fermions to a background responsible for the breaking of Lorentz symmetry is introduced in Dirac’s equation; the non-relativistic regime is contemplated, and the Pauli’s equation is used to to show how an Aharonov-Casher phase appears as a natural consequence of the Lorentz-violating term. Different ways of realizing the Lorentz breaking are presented and, in each ca...

A relativistic and manifestly gauge-invariant soft-photon amplitude, which is consistent with the soft-photon theorem and satisfies the Pauli Principle, is derived for the proton-proton bremsstrahlung process. This soft-photon amplitude is the first two-u-two-t special amplitude to satisfy all theoretical constraints. The conventional Low amplitude can be obtained as a special case. It is demon...

The proton’s elastic electromagnetic form factors are calculated using an Ansatz for the nucleon’s Poincaré covariant Faddeev amplitude that only retains scalar diquark correlations. A spectator approximation is employed for the current. On the domain of q2 accessible in modern precision experiments these form factors are a sensitive probe of nonperturbative strong interaction dynamics. The rat...

We have investigated new Pauli Fibonacci and Lucas quaternions by taking the components of these as Gaussian numbers, respectively. calculated some basic identities for quaternions. Later, generating functions Binet formulas are obtained Furthermore, Honsberger’s identity, Catalan’s Cassini’s been given

This research investigates the various RADARSAT-2 polarimetric SAR features for urban land cover classification using object-based method combining with support vector machine (SVM) and ruled-based approach. Six-dates of RADARSAT-2 fine-beam polarimetric SAR data were acquired in the rural-urban fringe of Greater Toronto Area during June to September, 2008. The major landuse/land-cover classes ...