This article presents simulation estimates of the income-distributional effects in 1994 of several proposals to modify the taxation of Social Security benefits under the Federal personal income tax. Under the benefit-taxation provisions that have been in effect since 1984, up to 50 percent of benefits are included in taxable income for taxpayers with incomes above certain thresholds. In 1994 ab...

This article presents simulation estimates of the income-distributional effects in 1994 of several proposals to modify the taxation of Social Security benefits under the Federal personal income tax. Under the benefit-taxation provisions that have been in effect since 1984, up to 50 percent of benefits are included in taxable income for taxpayers with incomes above certain thresholds. In 1994 ab...

Carbon dioxide emissions abatement in a group of countries can result in increased emissions in non-abating countries. This effect has been referred to as carbon leakage. The Kyoto Protocol calls for a number of industrialized countries to limit their emissions while other countries have no abatement commitments. This paper assesses the sectoral and regional determinants of the leakage in a sta...

The Australian age pension is noncontributory, funded through general tax revenues and means tested against pensioners’ private resources, including labor earnings. This paper constructs an overlapping generations (OLG) model of the Australian economy to examine the economy-wide implications of several counterfactual experiments in the means testing of the age pension. These experiments include...

Most jurisdictions exempt nonprofit firms from property, sales, and corporate income taxes in various industries, such as health care and education, in which both nonprofit and for-profit firms compete. Crosssection estimates using state tax data indicate that these exemptions significantly increase the market share of nonprofit firms vis-d-vis their for-profit counterparts. The relative market...

in recent years, iran has experienced high level depreciation of the nominal exchange rate (ner). the ultimate effects of such depreciation on iranian families’ welfare and income distribution have been a challenging issue among policymakers and researchers. accordingly, this study evaluates the economic effects of ner depreciation on the rice market, using spatial price equilibrium model. the ...