Residence time is a critical factor in determining the size of an open face biofilter. Four test biofilters were constructed with media comprised of yard waste compost and brush chips to compare 8 s. and 4 s. residence time. Biofilter performance was monitored for ten months by measuring pressure drop, moisture content, odor threshold, hydrogen sulfide, and ammonia concentrations. Odor reductio...

A new path-density diagnostic for atmospheric surface-to-surface transport is formulated. The path density h gives the joint probability that air whose last surface contact occurred on patch Vi at time ti will make its next surface contact with patch Vf after a residence time t 2 (t, t 1 dt) and that it can be found in dr during its surface-to-surface journey. The dependence on t allows the ave...

Variability of residence time in the Tropical Tropopause Layer during Northern Hemisphere winter K. Krüger, S. Tegtmeier, and M. Rex Leibniz-Institute for Marine Sciences at Kiel University (IFM-GEOMAR), Kiel, Germany Environment Canada, Toronto, Canada Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Potsdam, Germany Received: 18 April 2009 – Accepted: 15 May 2009 – Published: 28 May 20...

Foraging parasitoids often must estimate local risk of predation just as they must estimate local patch value. Here, we investigate the effects a generalist predator Chlaenius bioculatus (Coleoptera: Carabidae), has on the oviposition behavior and the patch residence decisions of a solitary parasitoid Meteorus pulchricornis (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) in response to the varying host quality of Sp...

The chronobiological effect on the pharmacokinetics of liposomal encapsulated ampicillin (LEA) was compared at noon (1200) and midnight (2400) after intravenous injection of 50 mg/kg of LEA in rats. The effects of fasting on the circadian rhythms of LEA were also investigated. Serial blood samples were collected for 2 h. Bile and urine were collected during the entire study. Plasma data was ana...

We investigate fluid transport in random velocity fields with unsteady drift. First, we propose to quantify fluid transport between flow regimes of different characteristic motion, by escape probability and mean residence time. We then develop numerical algorithms to solve for escape probability and mean residence time, which are described by backward Fokker-Planck type partial differential equ...

The Ca2+-sensor synaptotagmin-1 that triggers neuronal exocytosis binds to negatively charged membrane lipids (mainly phosphatidylserine (PtdSer) and phosphoinositides (PtdIns)) but the molecular details of this process are not fully understood. Using quantitative thermodynamic, kinetic and structural methods, we show that synaptotagmin-1 (from Rattus norvegicus and expressed in Escherichia col...