BACKGROUND There is empirical evidence that the presence of a companion animal can have a positive impact on performance. The available evidence can be viewed in terms of differing hypotheses that attempt to explain the mechanisms behind the positive effects. Little attention has been given to motivation as a potential mode of action with regards to human-animal interactions. First we give an o...

introduction traditional teacher-centered methods of teaching and learning are passive and affected by teacher's functions and horizons. today, active teaching methods include teaching  students to be able to observe the situation for exploring and thinking deeper about the issue or problem . so the aim of this study is to survey students' views about the advantages of quizzes  in stu...

the main objective of this article is to measure and compare faculty member’s job motivation in esfahan university and esfahan university of medical sciences based on fredrick herzberg`s motivation-hygiene theory. a descriptive-survey research method was employed. a sample of 150 faculty members was selected through a proportionate classified sampling method. the data-gathering instrument inclu...

Abstract Guided by the social-cognitive theory and self-determination theory, this study examined whether moral disengagement is indirectly associated with pro-bullying, passive bystanding, defending, mediated autonomous motivation, introjected extrinsic amotivation to defend victims of bullying among early adolescents. Participants were 901 upper elementary students from 43 school classes at 1...

Abstract The current study investigated employees' weekly responses to experienced job insecurity. Based on appraisal theory, it was postulated that employees may adopt three coping strategies in response insecurity (i.e., remaining silent, adapting, or being proactive) order maintain improve their well-being. We introduced a multilevel moderated mediation model, explaining how would be related...

1 Motivation and State of the Art The compass-gait biped and simplest walking model [1,2] have been useful as tools that abstract away the details of a specific walker, allowing the study of properties of the passive nonlinear dynamics. Similarly, the two-link brachiator of Gomes and Ruina [3] has demonstrated that energy-efficient brachiation is possible, i.e., “walking under the surface” (Fig...

Introduction Spasticity is a motor disorder characterized by a velocitydependent increase in tonic stretch reflexes [1], commonly seen in many neurological disorders. Clinically, spasticity is measured by an examiner rotating a joint and simultaneously estimating the resistance according to an ordinal scale. However, the limited reliability of the measurement and the impossibility to discrimina...

1 Motivation Walking with traditional passive lower-limb prostheses requires additional muscular effort and increased metabolic consumption (1.3-2.5 times the energy expended by a healthy person [1]). This supplementary effort cannot be sustained by many geriatric and dysvascular amputees (the majority of the amputee population [2]) for more than few steps, resulting in a partial or total reduc...

Motivation The Comprehensive-Nuclear-Test-Ban-Treaty (CTBT) aim to prohibit any nuclear explosion on Earth. For its realization a nuclear test verification strategy has to be set up, consisting of three pillars: •Monitoring • International Data Center •On-Site Inspection (OSI) OSI aims to be the ultimate tool to clarify wether or not a nuclear test has been carried out in violation of the CTBT....

OBJECTIVE We were interested in the prevalence of smoking amongst teen-age students, its possible causes, and their understanding of its associated health risks. METHODS We constructed a questionnaire that was responded to by a total of 419 students from 5 high schools in Prague, Czech Republic. Students were classified as non-smokers, mild (1-10 cigarettes daily), moderate (11-20 cigarettes ...