This article reviews MIT Lincoln Laboratory's work over the past 20 years to develop photon-sensitive image sensors based on arrays of silicon Geiger-mode avalanche photodiodes. Integration of these detectors to all-digital CMOS readout circuits enable exquisitely sensitive solid-state imagers for lidar, wavefront sensing, and passive imaging.

These experiments compare the out-of-field dose delivered during different treatment techniques (photons, active and passive delivered protons and carbon ions) in standardized conditions. A water phantom is used as tissueequivalent material and is irradiated with a rectangular field. The dose is measured in lateral direction in the plane of the field as shown in Fig. 1. The composition of the o...

All experimental tests of the violation of Bell’s inequality suffer from some loopholes. We show that the locality loophole is not independent of the detection loophole: in experiments using low efficient detectors, the locality loophole can be closed equivalently using active or passive switches.

Results of the measurement of indoor radon and thoron carried out in and around Srirampura, Bangalore, India using passive detector technique is presented. Measurements were carried out using twin cup radon-thoron dosimeter using small strips of 12 micron thick LR-115 Type II nuclear track detectors. Measurements were carried out in 60 dwellings for a period of one year on a quarterly time inte...

We introduce a protocol that maps finite-dimensional pure input states onto approximately Gaussian states in an iterative procedure. This protocol can be used to distill highly entangled bipartite Gaussian states from a supply of weakly entangled pure Gaussian states. The entire procedure requires only the use of passive optical elements and photon detectors, which solely distinguish between th...

How It Works Unlike X-Ray systems with their ionizing radiation, and active Microwave systems which bathe the subject in RF, passive millimeter-wave (PMMW) imaging systems read the natural thermal energy in environment, much like an infrared camera. Unfortunately, infrared wavelengths are too short to pass through clothing, so we choose a longer wavelength of 3 millimeters (specifically 80 to 1...

Passive gaze estimation is usually performed by locating the pupils, and the inner and outer eye corners in the image of the driver’s head. Of these feature points, the eye corners are just as important, and perhaps harder to detect, than the pupils. The eye corners are usually found using local feature detectors and trackers. In this paper, we describe a passive driver gaze tracking system whi...

Remote Ultra-Low Light Imaging detectors are photon limited detectors developed at Los Alamos National Laboratories. RULLI detectors provide a very high degree of temporal resolution for the arrival times of detected photoevents, but saturate at a photo-detection rate of about 10 photo-events per second. Rather than recording a conventional image, such as output by a charged coupled device (CCD...

Many neutron-detection techniques are under consideration as potential replacements for 3 He gas-filled proportional tubes, which are widely used in international nuclear safeguards applications. The traditional 10 B-lined proportional tube is a commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) technology for neutron detection that predates the development of 3 He detectors. There is also a long history of its u...