in articles of 196,768 and 769, the iranian civil code, under influence of the french law (art.1121 civ. code) and imamieh's jurisprudence, without any explanation to the legal nature of the contract for the benefit of third party, has briefly allowed the contracting parties to create an obligation for the benefit of third party. this brevity caused an ambiguity in explaining of the relati...

despite important  role that has parties volition in the contract based on article 191, contract espousal will be achieve  bused on  advisable something that is under contract the important role that has silence  in the contract may not be responsible but in practice has very legal effects for contract parties. legal volition is formant from implication and adoption since silence  is not, silen...

in the civil procedures act 1379 the act reference of arbitration is stipulated in agreement and arbitration clause due to no exact order of arbitration contract class. however, the civil law relies on the basis of consensual contracts. in contrast, the international commercial law relies on the arbitration contract as written form. according to the international commercial law, the arbitration...

Distance contracts are becoming increasingly more favored over conventional types of contracts. Internet has revolutionized distance communication and directly affected use In current state law only Consumer rights defined contract, but this type contract is used in many other civil fields. The article discusses possible universal definition consent that could be Civil to define widely contract.

abstract title: modify and terminate the contract if financial impossibility the financial performance impossible of the contract set forth because of the financial inability of one who undertake stems from external factors and attributing to the contracting parties is impossible. in the event of financial impossibility the present procedures (based on existing regulation) the possibility of th...

among the important discourses in financial law are the issues related to financial institutions. going through these issues are of considerable significance in islamic law since the lawmaker prohibits specific types of transactions – usurious, risk taking, harmful. enquiry into the legitimacy and nature of new financial products is among the important ventures of islamic financial law. one of ...

This study contributes to the literature on supply chain coordination by coordinating the research and development (R&D) effort, retail price, and inventory decisions. It investigates a real case in the home appliance industry. The main purpose of this study is to examine the optimal values of R&D effort, pricing, and inventory decisions under decentralized and centralized structures. Then, a d...

where the debtor fails to perform the contract, he would have contractual liability. (this amount to contractual liability of the debtor) can debtor have the right to ignore contractual liability and invoke for tortuous? right to choose is definitely raised where non-performance of contract amounts to contractual liability as well as tortuous liability. some confirm this right to choose and giv...