The interrelationships of the fundamental biological processes natural selection, mutation, and stochastic drift are quantified by the entropy rate of Moran processes with mutation, measuring the long-run variation of a Markov process. The entropy rate is shown to behave intuitively with respect to evolutionary parameters such as monotonicity with respect to mutation probability (for the neutra...

Ecological destruction in human-dominated landscapes has significant impacts on environment sustainability internationally. Landscape planning can play a role in mitigating the effects of human-related activities. One element of landscape planning involves the analysis of the biological, spatial and social arrangement of areas in an urban environment and identifying characteristics that are und...

landscape ecology as a modern interdisciplinary science offers new concepts, theories, and methods for land evaluation and management. a main part of landscape ecology is describing patterns in the landscape and interpreting the ecological effects of these patterns on flora, fauna, flow of energy and materials. remote sensing and gis techniques have a high ability for landscape researchers to s...

Geographers have been reticent on the role of the African diaspora in the contouring of Brazil’s biological and cultural landscapes. Whereas paradigm shifts have occurred in regards to environmental stability in the tropical realm and the pristine nature of pre-Columbian landscapes, these have not translated to a rigorous reassessment of the geographical position of Africans and their descendan...

We specify a system of equations that fully reflects the supply and demand sides of the market for agricultural open space at equilibrium. Although simple, the system is exceedingly flexible and allows for household and parcel heterogeneity. We derive an empirical model directly from the structural equations and contrast this using a simulated landscape with the econometric specification most o...

The subject of this research is linguistic (or: language) audit. The term is new and not being widely used so far. Linguistic audit, in particular, is offered as a service of linguistic-consulting agencies’ activities. Modern linguistic consulting, according to the author, is a form of stimulating theoretical and practical development of linguistic ecology, a new branch of applied linguistics, ...

1 University of Rostock, Institute for the Management of Rural Areas, Landscape Ecology and Land Evaluation, Justus von Liebig Weg 6, 18059 Rostock, Germany 2 Ernst Moritz Arndt University Greifswald, Institute for Botany and Landscape Ecology, Grimmer Straße 88, 17487 Greifswald, Germany 3 University of Göttingen, Landscape Ecology Unit, Institute of Geography, Goldschmidtstraße 5, 37077 Götti...

L. Song, X. M. Bao, X. J. Liu, Y. Zhang, P. Christie, A. Fangmeier, and F. S. Zhang College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of the Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Urumqi 83...

Zoological Researchmuseum Alexander Koenig, Adenauerallee 160, D-53113 Bonn, Germany Department of Wildlife Sciences, University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 3, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ, Department of Computational Landscape Ecology, Permoserstraße 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ, Department of Communi...