An experimental study is presented to measure the elastic, yielding, and crushing properties of individual particles under compression using substrates made aluminum alloy, stainless steel, sapphire. Carefully selected, highly spherical Ottawa sand 0.75–1.1 mm in nominal diameter were compressed between two smooth substrates, load–deformation curves analyzed by Hertz elastic contact theory deri...

there are limitations in experimental studies on sand-gravel mixtures due to the small size of testingspecimens. due to this problem, many researchers have worked on prediction of the shear strength of mixture by testingthe sandy fraction of soil alone and developed empirical relationships. most of the previous relationships have beendetermined for low surcharge pressures in which particle brea...