In this paper, we propose a novel representation of sequences based on the structural information of the sequences. A sequence is represented by a set of rules, which are derived from its subsequences. There are two types of subsequences of interest. One is called frequent pattern, which is a subsequence appearing often enough in the sequence. The other is called correlative pattern, which is a...

Covalent modification by methylation of cytosine residues represents an important epigenetic hallmark. While sequence analysis after bisulphite conversion allows correlative analyses with single-base resolution, functional analysis by interference with DNA methylation is less precise, due to the complexity of methylation enzymes and their targets. A cytidine analogue, 5-azacytidine, is frequent...

Two major approaches address the need to predict species distributions in response to environmental changes. Correlative models estimate parameters phenomenologically by relating current distributions to environmental conditions. By contrast, mechanistic models incorporate explicit relationships between environmental conditions and organismal performance, estimated independently of current dist...

Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) analysis and the recently developed proximity ligation assay (PLA) are widely used to study protein-protein interactions in situ. We have developed correlative FRET-PLA to monitor interactions between membrane proteins that frequently cause problems in confirmatory co-immunoprecipitation assays. Correlative FRET-PLA is particularly aimed at deliveri...

Session 1 of the 2010 STP/IFSTP Joint Symposium on Toxicologic Neuropathology, titled ‘‘Fundamentals of Neurobiology,’’ was organized to provide a foundation for subsequent sessions by presenting essential elements of neuroanatomy and nervous system function. A brief introduction to the session titled ‘‘Introduction to Correlative Neurobiology’’ was provided by Dr. Greg Hall (Eli Lilly and Comp...

The neurochemical basis of memory has been approached experimentally in four different ways: the bioassay; the interventive approach; the interventive-correlative approach; and the correlative approach. These approaches are fundamentally similar to those used for the study of the chemistry of any behavior. Each of these approaches has serious limitations, and significant progress has only been ...

The metabolism of cholesterol is critical in eukaryotes as a precursor for vitamins, steroid hormones, and bile acids. Some steroid compounds can be transformed into precursors of steroid medicine by some microorganisms. In this study, the biotransformation products of cholesterol and 16α,17α-epoxypregnenolone produced by Burkholderia cepacia SE-1 were investigated, and a correlative enzyme, hy...

Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) scheme is an important tool to achieve a high data rate communication and higher signal to noise ratio (SNR). In order to facilitate the communication system design, understanding and modeling the channel is crucial. Different approaches are available for modeling the MIMO channel based on the required utilization that range between physical and analytical ...

Development of fluorescent and electron dense markers is essential for the implementation of correlative light and electron microscopy, as dual-contrast landmarks are required to match the details in the multimodal images. Here, a novel method for correlative microscopy that utilizes fluorescent nanodiamonds (FNDs) as dual-contrast probes is reported. It is demonstrated how the FNDs can be used...

Understanding China is critical to understanding global sustainability transitions. Transitions theories within the Anglophone academic tradition are limited in uncovering deep mechanisms of China's transition dynamics. Building upon Chinese epistemologies, this viewpoint calls for a ‘correlative’ turn studies on next decade. Through an illustrative case entrepreneurial experimentation China, w...