The susceptibility of the rat mammary gland to carcinogenesis decreases with aging and is nullified by pregnancy and lactation. This work was carried out to determine whether these differences in susceptibility to carcinogenesis are the result of variations in cell kinetics induced by both aging and parity. Cell cycle (Tc) and growth fraction (GF) were studied in the mammary gland epithelium of...

The ovarian oil injection and ovariolar separation techniques were applied to determine the physiological age of species of the 3 dipteran families Culicidae, Simuliidae, and Tabanidae. The presence of a granular basal body (a granular area in the calyx wall within the ovariolar sheath) indicates at least 1 egg laying; that is, it can be used to separate parous from nulliparous females, which p...

Uterine prolapse is most common condition in day to practice among parous women. Prolapse of uterus or out the vaginal wall. Most gynecological affecting both developing and developed countries. Homoeopathy plays an important role providing effective treatment helps assisting maintenance supports uterus.

Accurate prenatal estimation of birth weight is useful in the management of labour and delivery. This study compared the accuracy of ultrasound, clinical and maternal estimates of fetal weight in 246 parous women with singleton, term pregnancies admitted for scheduled caesarean section. The sensitivity and specificity of predicting birth weight by ultrasound measures were 12.6% and 92.1%, by cl...

We developed a sensitive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method for the detection of Plasmodium falciparum DNA from mosquitoes collected in the field. Plasmodium falciparum was detected from 15.2% of 1-parous mosquitoes, Anopheles farauti, in the Solomon Islands through use of the PCR method. A novel mathematical model was developed to estimate the sporozoite rate based on the malaria-positive ...

Objectives To determine the lifetime risk of undergoing pelvic floor surgery in a cohort of UK parous women and the re-operation rates for pelvic floor surgery, time intervals for repeat surgery and independent risk factors for undergoing primary and repeat pelvic floor surgery. Study design A register linkage study. Main outcome measures The primary outcome was lifetime risk of parous women ...

It is widely thought that pregnancy reduces breast cancer risk, but this lacks consideration of breast cancer subtypes. While a full term pregnancy reduces risk for estrogen receptor positive (ER+) and luminal breast cancers, parity is associated with increased risk of basal-like breast cancer (BBC) subtype. Basal-like subtypes represent less than 10% of breast cancers and are highly aggressive...

This study aimed to compare the cognitive performance and event-related potential (ERP) patterns between females who have given birth (parous) those not (nulliparous). A total of 50 female participants, including 27 were parous (33.2 ± 3.2 years) 23 nulliparous (30.8 2.3 years), recruited. Only ≤36 months postpartum (17.7 8.1 months) included. To two groups, we presented 3-back task (a working ...