Introduction The response to conventional antiparkinsonian medications is elusive in atypical parkinsonian disorders. Improvement symptoms disorders has been reported with anecdotal use of Amantadine. role serotonergic control over the nigrostriatal pathway led Escitalopram. Objectives To examine efficacy low dose Amantadine and Escitalopram combination treatment disorder Methods A retrospectiv...

OBJECTIVES A number of movement disorders have been reported in Japanese encephalitis (JE). The prognostic significance of these movement disorders, however, has not been evaluated. The present study reports the prognostic significance of parkinsonian features and dystonia in JE. PATIENTS AND METHODS During 1992 and 1998, 50 JE patients were managed; 35 of them developed movement disorders (t...

BACKGROUND The ketogenic diet (KD), high in fat and low in carbohydrate and protein, provides sufficient protein but insufficient carbohydrates for all the metabolic needs of the body. KD has been known as a therapeutic manner intractable epilepsy. In recent years, the effectiveness of KD drew attention to the treatment of some other disorders such as Parkinson's disease (PD). This study has ev...

Atypical parkinsonism encompasses several disorders that may have disease-specific or individualspecific characteristics, however common features include akinesia, rigidity, gait difficulties, and cognitive decline with gradual worsening of the symptoms. These features result in a variety of deficits that affect the patient’s ability to function in their usual capacity at home, on the job, and ...

Parkinsonian syndromes are a heterogeneous entity of movement disorders, which can be subdivided into idiopathic Parkinson’s disease, rare genetic forms of Parkinson’s disease as well as symptomatic and atypical parkinsonian syndromes. In addition, a number of other neurodegenerative disorders may show clinical signs of Parkinsonism. The etiology, histopathology, clinical manifestation and dise...

INTRODUCTION Disorders of bladder, bowel and sexual function are common problems in Parkinson’s disease (PD), multiple system atrophy (MSA) and pure autonomic failure (PAF). Although the pathology of PD and MSA is quite different and distinct, the differential diagnosis of the conditions in life, particularly in the early stages, may be difficult and the presence of autonomic failure, as indica...

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is defined clinically as a disorder characterized by the presence of at least two of four cardinal signs, i.e., resting tremor, bradykinesia, rigidity, and postural instability, along with a good response to levodopa (1). Patients with typical PD do not manifest ataxia, chorea, orthostatic hypotension unrelated to medications, vertical downward-gaze deficits, amyotrophy...

The Parkinsonian disorders are a large group of neurodegenerative diseases including idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD) and atypical Parkinsonian disorders (APD), such as multiple system atrophy, progressive supranuclear palsy, corticobasal degeneration, and dementia with Lewy bodies. The etiology of these disorders is not known although it is considered to be a combination of genetic and envi...